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FCCN EXAM/87 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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FCCN EXAM/87 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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FCCN EXAM/87 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETEANSWERS
intracellular - -fluid found inside the cells
-extracelluar - -fluid found outside the cells
-osmosis - -fluid moving passively across semipermeable membrane from
areas with more fluid to areas with less fluid
-diffusion - -solutes move through semipermeable membrane from area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
-What should MAP be greater than? - -60
-another name for ADH - -vasopressin
-normal BUN level - -7-20
-examples of isotonic - -NS, LR
-what is hypotonic - -cell swells. more fluid in cell; diluted electrolytes
-examples of hypotonic - -0.45 NS, D5W
-what is hypertonic - -cells shrink. fluid pulled out of the cells
-examples of hypertonic - -D5 .45/.9 NS; 3/7/23.4 NS
-example of a colloid - -albumin
-When are colloids used? - -when blood volume doesn't increase with IV
fluids
-what do colloids do? - -pull fluid into the bloodstream (good for 3rd
spacing)
-when would you use isotonic fluids? - -hypovolemia, blood transfusion, post
surg
-When would you use hypotonic fluids? - -GI fluid loss, hypernatremia
-normal Na levels - -135-145
, -s/s hyponatremia - -weakness, ab cramping, postural dizziness, decreased
skin turgor, flat neck veins
-treatment? - -fluid restriction; potentially give fluids with sodium
-s/s hypernatremia - -Dry mouth, Thirst, Swollen tongue (severe
dehydration)
-treatment? - -fluids fluids fluids
-normal K levels - -3.5-5.0
-s/s hypokalemia - -muscle weakness & cramps, irregular pulse
prolonged QT, ST segment depression, U wave
-treatment? - -give K
-s/s hyperkalemia - -Muscle twitching, weakness, flaccid paralysis (during
life threatening arrhythmias)
Tall T waves
-Treatment? - -IV insulin and dextrose; dialysis
-normal Ca levels - -8.5-10.5
-s/s hypocalcemia - -- muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial
twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood
pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
-treatment? - -Ca gluconate, potentially replace Mg, seizure precautions
-s/s hypercalcemia - -muscle weakness, nausea, confusion and abdominal
pain
-treatment for hypercalcemia - -a lot of times don't fix unless symptomatic
-normal Mg levels - -1.5-2.5
-s/s hypomagnesium - -weakness, confusion, muscle twitching
-treatment? - -Mg
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