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Fundamentals Of Nursing (V): Infection, Asepsis, Basic concept of stress and Illness Correct Answers and Rationales
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Fundamentals Of Nursing ii (V): Infection, Asepsis, Basic concept of stress and
Illness Correct Answers and Rationales
1. Illness
2. Infection and Asepsis
3. Basic concept of Stress and Adaptation
1. When the General adaptation syndrome is activated, FLIGHT OR FIGHT response sets in.
Sympathetic nervous system releases norepinephrine while the adrenal medulla secretes
epinephrine. Which of the following is true with regards to that statement?
A. Pupils will constrict
B. Client will be lethargic
C. Lungs will bronchodilate
D. Gastric motility will increase
* To better understand the concept : The autonomic nervous system is composed of
SYMPATHETIC and PARASYMPATHETIC Nervous system. It is called AUTONOMIC Because it
is Involuntary and stimuli based. You cannot tell your heart to kindly beat for 60 per
minute, Nor, Tell your blood vessels, Please constrict, because you need to wear skirt today
and your varicosities are bulging. Sympathetic Nervous system is the FIGHT or FLIGHT
mechanism. When people FIGHT or RUN, we tend to stimulate the ANS and dominate over
SNS. Just Imagine a person FIGHTING and RUNNING to get the idea on the signs of SNS
Domination. Imagine a resting and digesting person to get a picture of PNS Domination. A
person RUNNING or FIGHTING Needs to bronchodilate, because the oxygen need is
increased due to higher demand of the body. Pupils will DILATE to be able to see the enemy
clearly. Client will be fully alert to dodge attacks and leap through obstacles during running.
The client's gastric motility will DECREASE Because you cannot afford to urinate or defecate
during fighting nor running.
2. Which of the following response is not expected to a person whose GAS is activated and
the FIGHT OR FLIGHT response sets in?
A. The client will not urinate due to relaxation of the detrusor muscle
B. The client will be restless and alert
C. Clients BP will increase, there will be vasodilation
D. There will be increase glycogenolysis, Pancrease will decrease insulin secretion
* If vasodilation will occur, The BP will not increase but decrease. It is true that Blood
pressure increases during SNS Stimulation due to the fact that we need more BLOOD to
circulate during the FIGHT or FLIGHT Response because the oxygen demand has increased,
but this is facilitated by vasoconstriction and not vasodilation. A,B and D are all correct. The
liver will increase glycogenolysis or glycogen store utilization due to a heightened demand
for energy. Pancrease will decrease insulin secretion because almost every aspect of
digestion that is controlled by Parasympathetic nervous system is inhibited when the SNS
dominates.
3. State in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual and social development or
spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired compared with a previous experience.
,A. Illness
B. Disease
C. Health
D. Wellness
* Disease is a PROVEN FACT based on a medical theory, standards, diagnosis and clinical
feature while ILLNESS Is a subjective state of not feeling well based on subjective appraisal,
previous experience, peer advice etc.
4. This is the first stage of illness wherein, the person starts to believe that something is
wrong. Also known as the transition phase from wellness to illness.
A. Symptom Experience
B. Assumption of sick role
C. Medical care contact
D. Dependent patient role
* A favorite board question are Stages of Illness. When a person starts to believe
something is wrong, that person is experiencing signs and symptoms of an illness. The
patient will then ASSUME that he is sick. This is called assumption of the sick role where the
patient accepts he is Ill and try to give up some activities. Since the client only ASSUMES
his illness, he will try to ask someone to validate if what he is experiencing is a disease, This
is now called as MEDICAL CARE CONTACT. The client seeks professional advice for
validation, reassurance, clarification and explanation of the symptoms he is experiencing.
client will then start his dependent patient role of receiving care from the health care
providers. The last stage of Illness is the RECOVERY stage where the patient gives up the
sick role and assumes the previous normal gunctions.
5. In this stage of illness, the person accepts or rejects a professionals suggestion. The
person also becomes passive and may regress to an earlier stage.
A. Symptom Experience
B. Assumption of sick role
C. Medical care contact
D. Dependent patient role
* In the dependent patient role stage, Client needs professionals for help. They have a
choice either to accept or reject the professional's decisions but patients are usually passive
and accepting. Regression tends to occur more in this period.
6. In this stage of illness, The person learns to accept the illness.
A. Symptom Experience
B. Assumption of sick role
C. Medical care contact
D. Dependent patient role
* Acceptance of illness occurs in the Assumption of sick role phase of illness.
7. In this stage, the person tries to find answers for his illness. He wants his illness to be
validated, his symptoms explained and the outcome reassured or predicted
A. Symptom Experience
, B. Assumption of sick role
C. Medical care contact
D. Dependent patient role
* At this stage, The patient seeks for validation of his symptom experience. He wants to find
out if what he feels are normal or not normal. He wants someone to explain why is he
feeling these signs and symptoms and wants to know the probable outcome of this
experience.
8. The following are true with regards to aspect of the sick role except
A. One should be held responsible for his condition
B. One is excused from his societal role
C. One is obliged to get well as soon as possible
D. One is obliged to seek competent help
* The nurse should not judge the patient and not view the patient as the cause or someone
responsible for his illness. A sick client is excused from his societal roles, Oblige to get well
as soon as possible and Obliged to seek competent help.
9. Refers to conditions that increases vulnerability of individual or group to illness or
accident
A. Predisposing factor
B. Etiology
C. Risk factor
D. Modifiable Risks
10. Refers to the degree of resistance the potential host has against a certain pathogen
A. Susceptibility
B. Immunity
C. Virulence
D. Etiology
* Immunity is the ABSOLUTE Resistance to a pathogen considering that person has an
INTACT IMMUNITY while susceptibility is the DEGREE of resistance. Degree of resistance
means how well would the individual combat the pathogens and repel infection or invasion
of these disease causing organisms. A susceptible person is someone who has a very low
degree of resistance to combat pathogens. An Immune person is someone that can easily
repel specific pathogens. However, Remember that even if a person is IMMUNE [
Vaccination ] Immunity can always be impaired in cases of chemotherapy, HIV, Burns, etc.
11. A group of symptoms that sums up or constitute a disease
A. Syndrome
B. Symptoms
C. Signs
D. Etiology
* Symptoms are individual manifestation of a certain disease. For example, In Tourette
syndrome, patient will manifest TICS, but this alone is not enough to diagnose the patient
as other diseases has the same tic manifestation. Syndrome means COLLECTION of these
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