Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification Exam (Fall 2023)

Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification Exam (Fall 2023) LESSON 1: Cell cycle g1- increase in size s- dna replicated g2- cell enlarge and ready to divide m phase- 2 hours Mitosis 4 stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase -chemo targets certain points in the process Apoptosis programmed cell death Hematopoiesis formation of blood cells & how cells differentiate -myeloid: pre cells mature into RBCs, platelets and WBCs -lymphoid: pre cells- mature into WBCS Principles of Biotherapy: p51-95 immunology -defense against foreign organisms, homeostasis (destroy aged cells), surveillance Immune responses innate: primary line of defense, non specific, no memory adaptive: secondary line of defense with specific memory Cytokines -effect growth and differentiation of WBC -interferons, tumor necrosis factors, growth factors and interleukins -small protein molecules released by cells throughout body providing communication between cells of the immune system -regular antibody production and function of b cells Vaccines for cancer prevention -hep B prevents hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma -hpv vaccine Filgrastim aka neupogen SC or IV to decrease infection in patients with neutropenic fever associated with myelosuppressive anticancer treatments for nonmyeloid malignancies tbo-filgramstim/ pegfilgrastim reduce duration of neutroenia in patients with non myeloid malignancies palifermin IV to dec incidence of oral mucositis in patients with hem malignanies before BMT Sargramostim aka leukine - patients with AML following chemo to shorten neutrophil recovery and reduce incidence of infection IFN gamma reduce frequency and severity o infections related to granulomatous disease Aldeleukin treat renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma Oprevelkin prevent severe thrombocytopenia and reduce need for platelet transfusions in patients with nonmyeloid malig Plerixafor with filgrastim to mobilize hematopoeitc stem cells for collection from peripheral blood of patients Sipuleucel castrate resistant prostate cancer Rituximab rituxan- treatment of relapsed or refractory low grade follicular b cell NHL_ first line treatment in combo with chemo in patients with response -can treat severe rheumatoid arthritis -can have severe reactions (hypotension, urticaria, angiodema, hypoxia, rigors, dyspnea, chills, fever, nausea, rash, renal tox) -premed with tylenol and benadryl -slow infusion to resolve some side effects, side effects reduce with each infusion Immune system 1st line: skin , mucous membrane, gut flora second line: phagocytes: 3rd line antibodies, t and b cells Malignant tumor (cancer) cell structure different from parent tissue, cell division uncontrolled, loosely adherent, invade neighboring tissue, establish blood vessels Approaches to treatment cure: prolonged absence of disease control: no further growth and palliation : comfort