Chem 162 chapter 005 Electrochemistry Complete Solution 2023/2024

Chem 162 chapter 005 – Electrochemistry Complete Solution 2023/2024 Entropy (delta S) correct answers Molecular randomness; positive when removing constraints (spontaneous) and negative when adding them (non randomness); state function Gibbs free energy (delta G) correct answers Allows the prediction of whether a reaction is spontaneous; negative if reaction occurs (spontaneous) and positive if precipitate occurs (non spontaneous) Reaction quotient (Q) correct answers Tells whether a mixture proceeds to the left or the right in order to reach equilibrium Spontaneous process correct answers Reaction that proceeds on its own without any external influence; occurs slowly if the activation energy is high State function correct answers Function of property whose value depends only on the present state or condition of the system not on the path used to arrive at that state Delta S= S final- S initial correct answers Delta S equation Enthalpy change (delta H) correct answers Heat change in a reaction or process at constant pressure; negative is exothermic, positive is endothermic S=klnW k= Boltzmann constant= 1.38x10^-23 J/K W= the number of ways that the state can be achieved correct answers Boltzmann formula Third law of thermodynamics correct answers Entropy of a perfectly ordered crystalline substance at 0K is zero (W=1, S=0) Standard molar entropies (S knot) correct answers Entropy of 1mol of the pure substance at 1atm pressure and a specified temperature, usually 25 degrees Celsius; measured in J/Kmol Delta S knot= S knot (products) - S knot (reactants) correct answers Standard entropy of reaction (Delta S knot) equation First law of thermodynamics correct answers In any process, spontaneous or non spontaneous, the total energy of a system and its surroundings is constant Second law of thermodynamics correct answers In any spontaneous process, the total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases Delta S total= Delta S system + Delta S surroundings *Delta S of reverse reaction is -Delta S of the forward reaction correct answers Total entropy equation from second law of thermodynamics