Pediatric Physical Examination 3
rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children.
Which statementbest describes development in infants and children?
a...
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children.
Which statement best describes development in infants and children?
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying
rates within normal limits.
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle
development occurring first.
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.
ANS: A
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in
the childs function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function
and complexity can vary normally within limits for each child. An increase in the
number and size of cells is a definition for growth. Development proceeds in a
proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a result of
large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that is
affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured.
Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods.
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
,a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an
opportunity to identify any delays or deficits.
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
, ANS: C
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master
specific developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during
particular periods of time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a
dynamic time of development that requires frequent evaluations to assess
appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing environment will
develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a
predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
ANS: C
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental
rate. Although factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can
influence genetic traits, they do not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment,
which is permanent. Culture is a significant factor that influences how children
grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and development but does
not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role in
determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment
can influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but
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