, lOMoARcPSD|30860778
Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8th Edition (Nelson, 2022)
Chapter 01. The Foundations of Biochemistry
Multiple Choice
1. Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in:
a. deoxyribonucleic acid.
b. membrane structures.
c. nuclei.
d. polysaccharides.
e. ribonucleic acid.
ANSWER: a
2. Accurate folding of a protein does NOT depend on:
a. proper pH.
b. correct ionic strength.
c. correct temperature.
d. correct metal ion concentration.
e. binding to DNA.
W W W . T B S M . W S
ANSWER: e
3. What is the correct name for the configuration of the molecule shown?
WWW.TBSM.WS
a. orthogonal
b. trans
c. cis
d. zis
e. chiros
ANSWER: c
4. Which statement is NOT true about the formation of early organisms?
a. The first organisms were anaerobic because the atmosphere was devoid of oxygen.
b. The original electron donor for photosynthetic processes was probably H2S.
c. Oxygen, a powerful oxidant, was probably welcomed by anaerobic organisms as a preferable choice for
metabolic reactions.
d. The transfer of electrons to O2 releases more energy than transferring electrons to SO 2–
e. Cyanobacteria are modern descendants of early photosynthetic oxygen-producers.
ANSWER: c
5. Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
a. decreasing the activation energy.
b. decreasing the amount of free energy released.
c. increasing the activation energy.
d. increasing the amount of free energy released.
, lOMoARcPSD|30860778
Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8th Edition (Nelson, 2022)
e. increasing the energy of the transition state.
ANSWER: a
6. Which ranking correctly describes the rigidity of the red bond (the central bond) shown in the figure?
W W W . T B S M . W S
a. 2 = most rigid, 3 = least rigid
b. 1 = most rigid, 5 = least rigid
c. 4 = most rigid, 3 = least rigid
d. 2 = most rigid, 1 = least rigid
e. 4 = most rigid, 1 = least rigid
ANSWER: c
WWW.TBSM.WS
7. When Stanley Miller, in Harold Urey's laboratory, subjected a gaseous mixture mimicking the prebiotic atmosphere on
Earth to electrical sparks, he found that were formed.
a. amino acids
b. aldehydes
c. ribonucleotides
d. both amino acids and aldehydes
e. amino acids, aldehydes, and ribonucleotides
ANSWER: d
8. In the theory for the origin of life that was tested by Miller and Urey, the prebiotic atmosphere was presumed to:
a. already contain some primitive RNA molecules.
b. basically be very similar to the atmosphere of today.
c. contain many amino acids.
d. have an abundance of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water.
e. be rich in oxygen.
ANSWER: d
9. An increase in the entropy of a system can be described as an increase in the total amount of of a system.
a. kinetic energy
b. potential energy
c. oxidative energy
, lOMoARcPSD|30860778
Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8th Edition (Nelson, 2022)
d. disorder
e. heat energy
ANSWER: d
10. Which statement about living systems is NOT true?
a. Living organisms can be described as an open system.
b. Living organisms maintain a more or less constant composition at maturity.
c. Living systems are in equilibrium with their surroundings.
d. Living systems exist in a dynamic steady state.
e. Living systems have efficient mechanisms to convert chemical energy from one form into another.
ANSWER: c
11. The of homologous proteins or genes can be used to estimate the degree of evolutionary relatedness.
a. three-dimensional structure
b. expression profiles
c. sequence similarity
d. endosymbiotic nature
e. chromosomes
W W W . T B S M . W S
ANSWER: c
12. The typical three-dimensional structure of a protein in a cell, or conformation, is critical to a protein's function.
a. native
b. molecular
c. chaperone WWW.TBSM.WS
d. macromolecular
e. high-affinity
ANSWER: a
13. The sum of all the proteins functioning in a cell is the:
a. metabolome.
b. proteasome.
c. lysosome.
d. proteome.
e. genome.
ANSWER: d
14. Which discipline uses an approach that tries to understand complex interactions among intermediates and pathways in
quantitative terms?
a. metabolomics
b. genomics
c. systems biology
d. proteomics
e. lipidomics
ANSWER: c
15. The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to L-malate, but it will not catalyze the
, lOMoARcPSD|30860778
Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8th Edition (Nelson, 2022)
hydration of maleic acid, which is the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is an example of:
a. biological activity.
b. chiral activity.
c. racemization.
d. stereoisomerization.
e. stereospecificity.
ANSWER: e
16. If a scientist wanted to know whether a particular hydrocarbon was in use in a cell's plasma membrane, they could
search the organism's:
a. metabolome.
b. lipidome.
c. glycome.
d. proteome.
e. genome.
ANSWER: b
17. If an organism is a facultative anaerobe, which statement is true?
W W W . T B S M . W S
a. The organism requires sulfur to live.
b. The organism will die if exposed to oxygen.
c. The organism requires oxygen to live.
d. The organism does not require oxygen to live but will not die if exposed to oxygen.
e. The organism requires methane to live.
ANSWER: d WWW.TBSM.WS
18. Which is NOT found in both animal and plant cells?
a. ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. vacuole
e. mitochondrion
ANSWER: d
19. Which statement is true about genetic mutations?
a. Mutations may arise from an unrepaired mistake in DNA replication.
b. Mutations may arise from incorrectly repaired damage to one of the DNA strands.
c. Mutations in reproductive cells can be passed to offspring.
d. Mutations may better equip an organism or cell to survive in its environment.
e. All of the statements are true.
ANSWER: e
20. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing size?
a. nucleotide < DNA < nucleus < chromatin
b. nucleotide < DNA < chromatin < nucleus
c. nucleotide < chromatin < DNA < nucleus
d. DNA < nucleotide < nucleus < chromatin
, lOMoARcPSD|30860778
Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8th Edition (Nelson, 2022)
e. DNA < chromatin < nucleus < nucleotide
ANSWER: b
21. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms?
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. nitrogen
d. oxygen
e. phosphorus
ANSWER: e
22. Which is NOT a property of living organisms?
a. precise self-replication
b. in a dynamic steady state with the environment
c. evolution over time
d. composed of cells
e. conversion of energy into matter
ANSWER: e
W W W . T B S M . W S
23. Which is the major feature that distinguishes eukaryotes from Bacteria and Archaea?
a. DNA
b. photosynthetic capability
c. plasma membranes
d. ribosomes WWW.TBSM.WS
e. the nucleus
ANSWER: e
24. Reaction 1 has a ΔG° of –12.3 kJ/mol, and reaction 2 has a ΔG° of –23.4 kJ/mol. Which statement is true of these two
reactions?
a. Reaction 1 occurs faster.
b. Reaction 2 occurs faster.
c. Both reactions occur at the same rate.
d. Reaction 2 will not occur.
e. It is impossible to know which reaction occurs faster with this information.
ANSWER: e
25. Which organelle probably originated as an endosymbiotic engulfing of an aerobic bacterium by a eukaryotic cell?
a. ribosome
b. mitochondrion
c. Golgi body
d. nucleus
e. endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER: b
26. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
a. cell envelope.
, lOMoARcPSD|30860778
Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8th Edition (Nelson, 2022)
b. cell membrane.
c. nucleoid.
d. nucleus.
e. ribosomes.
ANSWER: c
27. pathways large molecules, energy.
a. Catabolic; break down; releasing
b. Anabolic; break down; releasing
c. Catabolic; break down; storing
d. Anabolic; break down; storing
e. Anabolic; build up; releasing
ANSWER: a
28. Which statement correctly describes the molecules shown?
W W W . T B S M . W S
WWW.TBSM.WS
a. A and D are enantiomers, and B and C are enantiomers.
b. A and D are diastereomers, and B and C are enantiomers.
c. A and C are enantiomers, and B and D are diastereomers.
d. A and C are diastereomers, and B and D are enantiomers.
e. All are diastereomers to each other.
ANSWER: a
29. Which method is the MOST versatile for separating subcellular components of tissue into fractions containing things
ranging from large (e.g., whole cells) to small (e.g., ribosomes)?
a. centrifugation
b. precipitation
c. chromatography
d. restriction digest
e. peroxidation
ANSWER: a
30. When two genes share detectable sequence similarity, those genes or their gene products, are said to be:
a. homologs.
, lOMoARcPSD|30860778
Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8th Edition (Nelson, 2022)
b. symbiologs.
c. complimentary sequences.
d. co-genes.
e. housekeeping genes.
ANSWER: a
31. Which statement is NOT true regarding the plasma membrane?
a. It is a physical barrier separating the inside of the cell from its surroundings.
b. It is flexible, with a hydrophobic internal structure.
c. The individual lipids and proteins of the plasma membrane are covalently linked.
d. The plasma membrane incorporates newly made lipid and protein components as a cell grows.
e. Cell division occurs without loss of the membrane integrity.
ANSWER: c
32. Which factor can be changed without breaking covalent bonds?
a. conformation
b. configuration
c. chirality
W W W . T B S M . W S
d. stereochemistry
e. None of the answers is correct.
ANSWER: a
33. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
a. anomers. WWW.TBSM.WS
b. cis-trans isomers.
c. diastereoisomers.
d. enantiomers.
e. geometric isomers.
ANSWER: d
34. Which statement is true when Keq >> 1?
a. ΔG° is large and negative
b. ΔG° is large and positive
c. ΔG° is small and negative
d. ΔG° is small and positive
e. the value of ΔG° is independent of Keq
ANSWER: a
35. Which is true about a racemic mixture?
a. The components are not separable by any means.
b. It has no optical rotation.
c. It is a mixture of diastereomers.
d. It contains both polar and nonpolar substances.
e. It can be separated into its components by differential centrifugation.
ANSWER: b
