Oceanography Final Exam UF OCE 1001 | updated 2023/24

Oceanography Final Exam UF OCE 1001 | updated 2023/24 You are sailing on the ocean and you see the North Star (Polaris) appearing exactly half way between the horizon and a spot directly above you. You are: - at a latitude of 45 degrees N Which of the following is NOT true about a scientific theory? - It is factual How many oceans are there? - 5 The prime meridian splits the earth into ... - Eastern and Western hemispheres You are at and sea and observe that when the sun is at its zenith, your watch set to Greenwich time reads 10 am. What is your longi tude? - 30 degrees E A speed of 5 knots is ________ than 5 mph because a nautical mile is _________ than/as a mile. - faster, larger Which is densest? - a 2kg solution that occupies a volume of 1 cm3 Who developed the first semi -accurate method of ta king depth soundings? - Mathew Fontaine Maury It is now thought likely that the peopling of Oceania occurred from West to East because of all BUT: - predominant ocean currents and wind patterns The major reason the early explorers were seeking a route to the East Indies (Southeast Asia) was: - to make money People have been able to determine their longitude at sea since... - 18th century What motivated the Chinese Ming Dynasty rulers to embark on ocean expeditions? - impress their neighbors Which of the following is NOT one of the major subfields of the study of oceanography? - mathematical oceanography About how old is our galaxy, the Milky Way? - 12 billion years How do we know exactly how old the Earth is? - the ration of radioactive atom Which of the following is NOT a scientific hypothesis of where life on Earth originated? - on the first dry land surfaces The first life on Earth was most likely a - Prokaryote How did Earth's early ocean form? - Through rain that fell from clouds fo rmed by vapors outgassed from volcanic venting, and remained liquid once Earth's surface had cooled sufficiently Earth is ________ , meaning that gravity sorted out crustal components into the various layers we observe today. - density stratified The pla nets in our solar system formed - by gravitation attraction of particles orbiting the early sun Why is the slope of a slow spreading mid -ocean ridge steeper than that of a fast spreading mid -ocean ridge? - Ocean crust formed at fast spreading ridges mo ves further from the ridge crest before it cools and sinks. Which list places the physiographic provinces of a continental margin in a correct sequence, as one proceeds from the shore towards the mid -ocean ridge? - continental shelf, continental slope, c ontinental rise Oceans cover approximately what percent of the Earth's surface? - 70 On the ocean basin cross -section shown in the figure, what is the geographic feature labeled "F"? - guyot Is the East coast of Australia active or passive? - Passive The continental shelf is the ______. - the submerged extension of a continent Examine this map of sea floor ages. When can it be concluded that the full Atlantic seaway (north and south Atlantic) was opened? - about 100 million years ago Using this ma p of plate boundaries, predict which land mass experiences the fewest earthquakes per year. - Australia Why did Continental Drift hypothesis initially fail to gain wide acceptance? - The proposed mechanism was not plausible. Who first proposed the concept of seafloor spreading? - Harry Hess The energy that causes plates to move is derived from ____________. - Earth's internal heat and gravity Roughly how fast do most lithospheric plates move, on average? - About 5 centim eters per year. Att which kind of plate tectonic environment do the deepest earthquakes occur? - Subduction zone. Which of the following volcanic islands is NOT associated with ocean -ocean convergence? - Iceland The violent volcanoes of South America's Andes Mountains are a product of ____. - ocean -continent convergence Which direction is the Pacific Plate moving if the rising mantle magma is a stationary hot spot (see figured above)? - Northwest Deeper sediment samples are taken by a ________ , whi ch is a device capable of punching through sediment and returning an intact plug of material. - piston corer The least amount of energy would be required to erode a beach composed or which sediment? - clay ________ forms mainly from shells of the amoeb a-like foraminifera and tiny algae known as coccolithophores - Calcareous ooe What was concentrated in 65 million year old marine sediment that led to the most widely accepted hypothesis for the cause of the dinosaur mass extinction? - cosmogenic sedim ent Although rivers always carry dilute salts to the ocean, seawater salinity is not continuously increasing because of which main salt removal process that was discovered relatively recently? - hydrothermal circulation After fully evaporated 1kg (1000g) of seawater, you will be left with about how much solid? - 35g A substance such as water that is slow to heat or cool has a high: - heat capacity In which situation will the density of seawater be the greatest? - 10C, 40ppt water What does the curve marked by the letter "B" on the figure represent? - a tropical zone thermocline The wind will blow - from a location of high to low atmospheric pressure When air is heated, it: - rises, expands, cools and will lose its moisture Which is INCORRECT? T he Coriolis Effect, in the Northern Hemisphere: - pushes an object to the right of its direction of motion