SPLH 620 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Correct(RATED A+)
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Course
SPLH 620
Institution
SPLH 620
Descartes came up with ____________. Based on ______________. - ANSWER-first modern model of nervous system; hydraulics
What was Descartes thinking behind hydraulics model of nervous system? - ANSWER-The water would move to a joint and the water would move that joint and then the water would lea...
SPLH 620 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Correct(RATED A+)
Descartes came up with ____________. Based on ______________. - ANSWER-first modern model of nervous system; hydraulics
What was Descartes thinking behind hydraulics model of nervous system? - ANSWER-
The water would move to a joint and the water would move that joint and then the water would leave returning the joint back to its resting position. He believed that the brain thought about where the water should go and then it would go there. To him the spinal cord was just a tube, not a central player in the movements.
Descartes model caused three things to occur: - ANSWER-1. firmly separated mind and
body, allowing nervous system to be studied using science
2. established that signaling is a central function of nervous system
3. introduced use of models to understand nervous system
Was Descartes model correct or incorrect? - ANSWER-Incorrect but lasted about 200 years until Industrial Revolution. It set us up for a better understanding of the nervous system even though it was wrong.
19th century/industrial revolution created a lot of advancements in ________ and ______. Specifically what? - ANSWER-Technology and research. Specifically:
1. Time-keeping
2. Understanding of electricity
3. Physiological techniques (optics)
What did Galvani try to make? - ANSWER-batteries
Galvani experiment - ANSWER-Dissected a frog leg while keeping nerves intact. Hung the nerve from metal and attached the nerve to frog leg with a copper hook
findings of Galvani experiment - ANSWER-Ambient electricity in the air caused frog leg to twitch. Electricity is the driving force of nervous system
Galvani found _________ is the driving force of nervous system - ANSWER-electricity
What was the importance of Galvani's finding regarding electric signaling? - ANSWER-
Galvani found that electricity is the signaling/ important force of the nervous system and that it drives messaging in the nervous system. name of Helmholtz experiment - ANSWER-reaction time experiment
Helmholtz experiment process - ANSWER-participants would get pricked on toe and thigh to measure reaction times
Findings of Helmholtz experiment - ANSWER-Reaction time was slower when pricked on toe compared to thigh; since the toe is farther from CNS, Helmholtz determined it takes the message longer to arrive
significance of Helmholtz Experiment - ANSWER-signal has to travel farther when pricked on toe
3 important findings of Helmholtz experiment - ANSWER-1. demonstrates that nervous system is orderly
2. electrical conduction is very slow in nervous system
3. measurable difference in conduction
Whytt and Flourens experiment - ANSWER-Decerebrated living animals, separated brain from spinal cord
Whytt and Flourens experiment findings - ANSWER-1. Still able to have complex and simple movements
2. Showed that there is an overall functional organization of the nervous system that allowed it to overcome these obstacles.
3. Showed that the spinal cord acts as more than just a transportation route and it does not require brain to carry out some complex movements
End of 19th century findings - ANSWER-1. electricity is important
2. nervous system tissue is a different kind of conductor than metal wires, etc
3. Nervous system is not homogeneous and has some functional organization
What two scientific advances facilitated our understanding of the complexity of nervous tissue? - ANSWER-1. improved optics (microscopes) to see tissue in more detail
2. Silverstain
Santiago Ramon y Cajal made _________ and _________ - ANSWER-first physical model of the neuron; neuron doctrine
The neuron doctrine - ANSWER-1. Neurons are the fundamental structural and functional units of NS
2. neuron contains cell body and all processes
3. terminals "contact" dendrites at specific locations
4. connections are highly organized
significance of neuron doctrine - ANSWER-made it easier for people to comprehend how neurons work
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