Research Process - ANSWER-Question, design, findings, publishing
True Experiment - ANSWER-designs in which the researcher manipulates ALL independent variables; total control over who's in what group
Quasi Experimental Design - ANSWER-designs in which random assignments cannot be used
Quas...
Research Process - ANSWER-Question, design, findings, publishing
True Experiment - ANSWER-designs in which the researcher manipulates ALL
independent variables; total control over who's in what group
Quasi Experimental Design - ANSWER-designs in which random assignments cannot
be used
Quasi Independent Variables - ANSWER-variables treated as if they were independent
variables in the experimental design even though the researchers did not manipulate
them
Self Reports - ANSWER-any measurement technique that directly asks a participant
how they think/feel
Advantages of Self Report - ANSWER-inexpensive, easily administered, firsthand info
from the source
Disadvantages of Self Report - ANSWER-social desirability concerns, potential demand
characteristics (wanting a specific result like on buzzfeed quiz), possible retrospective
bias
Behavioral Measure - ANSWER-a measure of a participant's actions in a research
design, must be able to operationally define and measure participants' behavior
(Behavioral trace/observation/choice)
Raw Score - ANSWER-the actual score; trace score + error
True Score - ANSWER-what your score would be if the test was a perfect measure of
that attribute and uninfluenced by any extraneous factors
Error - ANSWER-extraneous influences that will cause the raw score to deviate from the
true score; (random error + bias)/systematic error
Random Error - ANSWER-variation from the measure's true score due to unsystematic
or chance factors, present if you get different results when the same measure was used
multiple times
, Systematic Error - ANSWER-aka bias, error that consistently pushes scores in a given
direction, worse than random error bc leads to inaccurate conclusions
Strategies for Minimizing Error - ANSWER-standardization of experiments, reduce
scorer biases
Observer/Scorer Bias - ANSWER-misinterpreting an observation based on the
researcher's existing beliefs, previous experiences, expectations, etc
Ceiling Effect - ANSWER-occurs when the upper boundary of a measurement tool is set
too low, leading everyone to select the highest response
Floor Effect - ANSWER-occurs when the lower boundary of a measurement tool is set
too high, leading everyone to select the lowest response
Reliability - ANSWER-stability or consistency of a measure
Validity - ANSWER-the degree to which a tool measures what it claims to; to be valid, a
measure must first be reliable
Population - ANSWER-the entire group of interest in a research study from which a
sample is drawn
Sample - ANSWER-a subset of the population from which the researcher collects data
Sampling Plan - ANSWER-explicit strategy used for recruiting participants from the
population; goal is to represent the population you are sampling
Probability Sampling Method - ANSWER-everyone in the population of interest has an
equal chance of being recruited
Simple Random Sampling - ANSWER-participants are randomly selected from the
population
Strata Random Sampling - ANSWER-subset is randomly selected from various
subpopulations or categories
Cluster Random Sampling - ANSWER-dividing the total population into groups and
randomly selecting which groups participate
Non Probability Sampling - ANSWER-everyone in a population of interest does NOT get
an equal chance of being recruited, creates bias
Convenience Sampling - ANSWER-nonrandom selection of participants readily
available to the researcher
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller papersmaster01. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
