DAANCE EXAM UPDATED 2023 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

Addison's disease - correct answer A disease due to hyposecretion of glucocorticoids, characterized by low blood pressure, diarrhea, digestive disturbance, and a bronzelike pigmentation of the skin Adjunctive agents - correct answer Agents that supplement the primary anesthetic agents to augment or enhance the effects of the primary agent Allergenicity - correct answer Having the property of an allergen, a substance that will elicit an allergic response in sensitive individuals Alveolus (plural: alveoli) - correct answer A small air sac within the body of the lung Amide - correct answer A chemical structure derived from ammonia; there is a group of amide local anesthetics that are widely used in dentistry (eg, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine). Amnesia - correct answer Failure to remember events related to surgery Analgesia - correct answer Insensitivity to pain Anaphylaxis - correct answer A severe allergic reaction marked by any of several severe responses, including skin reactions, smooth muscle cramping, urinary incontinence, construction of bronchioles, respiratory difficulty, and cardiovascular collapse Anemia - correct answer A reduction in the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream Angina pectoris - correct answer Pain in the chest, with a feeling of suffocation, usually due to deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium Antecubital - correct answer Situated in front of the elbow Antecubital fossa - correct answer The depression between the forearm and the upper arm that is literally "in front of the elbow" Anticholinergic - correct answer A drug that counteracts the action of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system and thereby blocks the action of the parasympathetic nerves Antiemetic - correct answer A drug that counteracts nausea and vomiting Antisialagogue - correct answer A drug that counteracts the production of saliva Anxiolytic - correct answer Drugs that reduce anxiety, agitation, or tension (eg, Valium, midazolam) Aorta - correct answer The main trunk (a very large artery) from which the arterial system proceeds Apnea - correct answer Absence or cessation of breathing Arrest rhythms - correct answer Cardiac rhythms in which there is cardiac arrest. Some arrest rhythms such as pulseless ventricular tachycardia are accompanied by a rhythm display, but there is no contraction Arrhythmia - correct answer Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat Arteriole - correct answer Any of the very small arterial branches located at the end of an artery (furthest from the heart) Artery - correct answer A vessel that varies blood away from the heart to other parts of the body Ascites - correct answer Accumulation of the serous fluid in the abdominal cavity Asystole - correct answer Cardiac arrest in which there is no rhythm display and no contraction Ataractics - correct answer Pharmacologic agents that produce a tranquilizing effect Atherosclerosis - correct answer A disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls Atrial fibrillation - correct answer Atrial arrhythmia characterized by rapid randomized contractions of the atrial myocardium, causing a totally irregular and often rapid ventricular rate Atrial flutter - correct answer A condition of cardiac arrhythmia in which the atrial contractions are rapid (200 to 320 per minute) Atrial (supraventricular) rhythms - correct answer Dysrythmias in which the pacemaker is in the atria above the level of the ventricles (supraventricular) area Atrial Tachycardia - correct answer Rapid heartbeat originating from the atria Atrioventricular block (AV block) - correct answer A cardiac conduction defect in which the impulse generated by the SA node is partially or completely blocked in the area of the AV nose Atrioventricular node - correct answer A microscopic collection of heart muscle fibers involved in the electrical activity of the heart Atrium (plural: atria) - correct answer An upper chamber of the heart; atria also exist in other parts of the body Automaticity - correct answer The condition of being automatic Autonomic nervous system - correct answer A portion of the nervous system concerned with regulation of the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands Balanced anesthesia - correct answer Anesthesia that relies on the use of several agents together, capitalizing on the best aspects of each agent, but using each at a smaller dose than would be required if it were used alone Barbiturates - correct answer A group of pharmacologic agents that have sedative properties and produce amnesia and a hypnotic effect (eg, thiopental sodium, brevital) Baroreceptor - correct answer A sensory nerve ending that is stimulated by changes in pressure, as those in the walls of blood vessels Blood Dyscrasia - correct answer Any abnormal condition of the blood Bolus - correct answer A rapidly administered dose of medication, as compared to a slow, steady administration of medication with continuous infusion Brachial artery - correct answer Artery that supplies blood to the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand Brachiocephalic artery - correct answer The large artery on the right of the neck that distributes blood to the right side of the head and neck and right arm Bradycardia - correct answer Slow heart rate (less than 60 beats per minute) Bronchiole - correct answer One of the finer (1mm or less) subdivisions of the branched bronchial tree Bronchus - correct answer Any of the larger air passages of the lungs Bundle of His (HISS) - correct answer A small band of atypical cardiac muscle fibers the propagates the atrial contradiction rhythm to the ventricles Capillary - correct answer Any of the minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules, forming a network in nearly all parts of the body Capnography - correct answer Measurement and recording of the amount of carbon dioxide in expires air Cardiac dysrhythmias (arrhythmias) - correct answer Rhythm disturbances of the heart Cardiac cycle - correct answer The complete cardiac movement (the systolic and diastolic movement with the interval between them) or heartbeat; the number of cardiac cycles per minute constitutes the heart rate Cardiac output - correct answer The total amount of blood pumped by either ventricle of the heart per unit of time (usually volume per minute); it is equal to stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate Cardioacceleratory center (CAC) - correct answer A group of neurons (conducting cells of their nervous system) in the brain stem involved in the acceleration of the heart action Cardioinhibitory center (CIC) - correct answer A group of neurons in the brain stem that has an inhibitory influence on the heart action via the vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve) Catatonic - correct answer A psychiatric state in which the patient appears apathetic and stuporous with diminution of sensibility Center of Emotion - correct answer A group of structures in the central portion of the brain that regulate the spectrum of emotional response from a calm, placid state on the one hand to a state of anxiety or rage on the other Central Nervous System - correct answer That portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord Cerebellum - correct answer The part of the brain that is concerned with coordination of movement Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - correct answer Also called stroke; a neurologic defect lasting more than 24 hours caused by a reduced blood flow in the brain Cerebrum - correct answer The main portion of the brain that is concerned with thinking Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - correct answer Any disorder (eg, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary emphysema) marked by persistent obstruction of bronchial air flow Cirrhosis - correct answer Liver disease characterized by loss of normal microscopic lobular structure of the liver and the formation of fibrous tissue CMTC - correct answer The chemoreceptors trigger zone. A center in the brain stem that responds to the presence of potentially toxic substances in the blood and signals the vomiting center to induce vomiting Coarse V. Fib. - correct answer Ventricular fibrillation in which there are relatively prominent deflections of the baseline Common carotid artery - correct answer One of two large, palpable arteries in the neck; the one on the right branches off the brachiocephalic artery and the one on the left branches off the aorta Compensatory pause - correct answer A long beat that compensates for a shorter beat which contains either an atrial or ventricular premature contraction Congenital heart disease - correct answer A cardiac disease caused by a defect in the heart structure present at birth Congestive heart failure - correct answer A clinical syndrome due to heart disease and characterized by breathlessness and abnormal water and sodium retention, resulting in edema Coniotomy - correct answer A procedure involving incision or passage of a large needle through the cricothyroid ligament to create an airway for emergency relief of upper airway obstruction; also called cricothryotomy Continuous infusion - correct answer Slow steady administration of intravenous fluid or an anesthetic agent Coronary sinus - correct answer The terminal portion of the great cardiac vein, which lies between the left atrium and ventricle, and empties into the right atrium Corticosteroid - correct answer (Also called adrenocortical hormone) Any of the steroids produced by the adrenal vortex and involved in many activities, including the body's response to stress; they are used clinically for anti-inflammatory purposes, to suppress the immune response, or for other purposes Couplets - correct answer Two premature ventricular contractions (PVC's) in succession Cranial nerve - correct answer Any of the 12 pairs of nerves connected with the brain; they are part of the peripheral nervous system Cricothyrotomy - correct answer A procedure involving incision or passage of a large needle through the cricothyroid ligament to create an airway for emergency relief of upper airway obstruction; also called coniotomy Cushing's disease - correct answer Abnormally increased activity of the adrenal gland as a result of excessive pituitary secretion of glucocorticoids Cyanosis - correct answer A bluish discoloration, especially of the skin and mucous membranes Deciliter (dL) - correct answer A deciliter is 1/10 of a liter and is the common unit used in the measurement of hemoglobin, which is expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) Depolorization - correct answer A reversal of charge across the neuronal membrane caused by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions through ion channels Diaphragm - correct answer The partition of muscles and tendons between the abdominal and chest cavities. It is the primary respiratory muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation of air in the lungs Diastolic - correct answer Pertaining to the phrase when the heart's pumping action forces blood into the ventricles to expand Diffusion hypoxia - correct answer A phenomenon during emergence from anesthesia that follows the discontinuation of nitrous oxide and during which nitrous oxide rapidly passes from the bloodstream into the alveoli and displaced other gases, including oxygen Digitalis - correct answer A pharmacologic agent used to treat congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal tachycardia of the atria Dissociative anesthesia - correct answer A form of anesthesia in which the patient becomes dissociated or detached from the sensory inputs from his/her environment Diuretic - correct answer An agent that promotes excretion of urine Dorsum - correct answer The back or posterior aspect of an anatomic part, eg, the dorsum of the hand Dysphoria - correct answer unpleasant feeling on emerging from anesthesia Dyspnea - correct answer Difficult or labored breathing Dysthymia - correct answer Disturbance of cardiac rhythm Ectopic - correct answer Displaced. The term is often used to describe displaced foci for the generation of an impulse in the myocardium ie an ectopic pacemaker Ectopic focus () - correct answer A displaced central point of origin for a cardiac dysthymia Ectopic pacemaker - correct answer Any biologic cardiac pacemaker other than the sinus node