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Summary Graad 8 NW Opsommings
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Opsommings vir Graad 8 NW
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Natural sciences Grade 8 Summary : Term 1
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WETENSKAPLIKE BYDRAES VIR SIEKTES:Alexander Fleming 1881-1955 (Penisillien)
Penisillien is ‘n antibiotika wat gebruik word vir die
behandeling van infeksies in die longe, lugweë, mond,
oë, ore, vel en sagte weefsels. Dit breek die bindings af
wat die selwande wat skadelike bakterieë bymekaarhou,
dit vrek dan.
Jonas Salk 1914-1995 (Inenting teen polio)
Polio is ‘n hoogs aansteeklike virale virus wat verlamming,
assemhalingsprobleme en selfs die dood tot gevolg het. Die
siekte het nie ‘n kuur nie, maar inentings p ‘n jong ouderdom
keer dat mense hierdie siekte kry.
Louis Pasteur 1822-1895 (Pasteurisasie, Inentings
teen hondstolheid)
Pasteurisasie is die proses waar vloeistowwe o.a melk, verhit
word tot ‘n minimum van 71³C om skadelike mikro-organismes
te vernietig.
Hoe om verspreiding te beperk:
Was gereeld hande.
Kieme dra maklik oor na ons hande, en van ons hande na ons
monde.
Kook drinkwater.
Dit voorkom dat skadelike mikro-organismes oorgedra word.
Sterilisasie.
Inentings.
Inentings is biologiese ontwerpte vloeistof wat immuniteit teen
sekere siektes bevorder. Dit word gemaak van klein hoeveelhede
, swak of dooie kieme wat siektes veroorsaak. Inentings voorkom
siektes soos polio, masels en waterpokkies.
FOTOSINTESE EN RESPIRASIE:
Chlorofil maak die absorbering van sonligenergie moontlik.
Gaswisseling vind plaas deur huidmondjies op die begrondse dele
van die plant.
Water in die grond word word deur wortels se wortelhare
opgeneem.
Glukose: Word as stysel gestoor en dien as voedselbron vir ander
organisms. Van dit word as sellulose gestoor en bied
ondersteuning en stewigheid aan plante.
Saprofiete: Plante wat oorleef op dooie organiese weefsel.
Parasitiese plante: Leef op lewende organiese weefsel, en kry
voedingstowwe van die gasheer af.
Respirasie: Proses waar energie uit voedsel deur ‘n reeks chemise
reaksies vrygestel word.
Vereenvoudigde chemise reaksie vir respirasie:
Respirasie is die teenoorgestelde reaksie van fotosintese.
2 verskillende tiepes respirasie:
Het suurstof
Aërobiese
nodig
Respirasie
Het nie suurstof
Anaërobiese
nodig nie
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