ATLS 2000 EXAM 1 TEST

ATLS 2000 EXAM 1 TEST Automation - CORRECT ANSWER-Negative: tend to eliminate jobs with new patterns of human association Positive: creates roles for people, which is to say depth of involvement in their work and human association The "message" of any medium or technology - CORRECT ANSWER-The change of scale or pace or pattern that it introduces into human affairs Ex: the railway "Content" of the medium - CORRECT ANSWER-The activities (such as, basketball or brain surgery) done with or under the medium (electric light) are the actual "content" of that medium since they could not exist without that medium Technological Determinism (Class definition) - CORRECT ANSWER-Technology modifies society - It determines our capabilities as humans and a society Technological Determinism (Google definition) - CORRECT ANSWER-A reductionist theory that assumes that a society's technology determines the development of its social structure and cultural values Example of technological determinism - CORRECT ANSWER-The lightbulb - We study what happens when the lightbulb lights up things around it Gutenberg Printing Press (1476) - CORRECT ANSWER-- Before the printing press, books were handwritten and slow to make - Mass media/production changed this ^ and society as a whole Transistor - CORRECT ANSWER-Nanoscale sized electrically driven switch which allows/denies the passage of a current ("brain cells") Computer - CORRECT ANSWER-Any device that does computations (was even human at one point) Difference Engine - CORRECT ANSWER-An input/output system created by Charles Babbage, the Father of Modern Mechanical Computing Charles Babbage - CORRECT ANSWER-The Father of Modern Mechanical Computing Countess Ada Lovelace - CORRECT ANSWER-The first computer programmer who translated notes on the Difference Machine. She also had a lot of history with Charles Babbage. Algorithm - CORRECT ANSWER-A precise rule or set of rules specifying how to solve a problem or complete a task. (Ex: the steps it takes to make a PB&J) Binary - CORRECT ANSWER-1's and 0's off and on. A higher voltage pulse is a 1 and a lower voltage pulse is a 0. ENIAC (1946) - CORRECT ANSWER-(Electrical Numerical Integrator And Computer) The first electronic general-purpose machine in which controls the flow of transistors. "Pulses" - CORRECT ANSWER-When a computer sends information from one place to another, it sends "pulses" of electricity over circuitry through transistors. Moore's Law - CORRECT ANSWER-A number of transistors doubles every ~2 years. - Not really a law, but more of an observation. - Tries to shrink transistors onto a chip, so eventually this law will slow down (estimated by 2025) - May force us to advance technology past computer power PC - CORRECT ANSWER-Personal computers (MacBooks, iPhones) Motherboard - CORRECT ANSWER-The main circuit board that everything else attaches to CPU - CORRECT ANSWER-Central Processing Unit (the "Brain") - Everything that processes in the computer goes through the CPU RAM - CORRECT ANSWER-Random Access Memory - Temporary storage - Saves anything you are currently working on - Read/write head sits 2-3 nm off the platter) Large Capacity Board - CORRECT ANSWER-A hard-drive that stores data. - Essentially it reads data and then writes it down - "Solid state" so it makes the hard-drive harder to crash The Metaphor - CORRECT ANSWER-CPU, RAM, HDD - Imagine stamping and notarizing documents that you have to file. Sometimes you go slower and sometimes you go faster. - Relate this to your CPU processor. Multimodal HCI - CORRECT ANSWER-(Human-Computer Interaction) Tasting, hearing, touching, seeing, smelling technology (Ex: scent-o-madic) Device Convergence - CORRECT ANSWER-Convergence is the tendency that as technology evolves, different technological devices sometimes evolve toward performing similar tasks (Ex: tablets, computers, and smartphones all converge) The "Cloud" - CORRECT ANSWER-The cloud is not an actual cloud, but rather a metaphorical abstraction meant to illustrate how data is increasingly being hosted on the servers of various companies Dr. Alan Turing () - CORRECT ANSWER-He developed an Enigma machine and the Turing Test - British Computer Scientist - Mathematician - Philosopher Telenoi - CORRECT ANSWER-A machine connected to the Internet that looks slightly like a human. Its purpose is to make lonely people less lonely. Vannevar Bush () - CORRECT ANSWER-- Visionary, optimist - Imagined what humans could do in the future - Wanted to recreate something that stores everything and something that everyone has access to - He created the Memex The Memex - CORRECT ANSWER-(Memory Index) A machine in which many people could share their knowledge with each other. - Was supposed to project items, such as, articles and notes -- input and output methods - The conceptual precursor to the PC and Internet-- universal access - It was never finished Net neutrality (Class definition) - CORRECT ANSWER-A neutral network in which no data is discriminated. "Everyone should have access to all content." - Obama was for net neutrality, but Trump rollbacked these laws - Can get faster or slower content based on what you're willing to pay Net neutrality (Google definition) - CORRECT ANSWER-The principle that Internet service should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites Arguments FOR Net neutrality - CORRECT ANSWER-- ISPs can charge customers and content providers more for premium content - Start ups are at a serious disadvantage to established companies (less funding) - ISPs determine what customers receive quickly -Uncensored, nondiscriminatory Internet Arguments AGAINST Net neutrality - CORRECT ANSWER-- Harms innovation and infrastructure - Uneven playing fields for content providers - Tiering is a natural step in free markets - Censorship can be desirable Web Client - CORRECT ANSWER-Runs browser software capable of reading the markup language and displaying the document on the scre