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MIBO 3500 T3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MIBO 3500 T3 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
Dimitri Ivanovsky - answer Russian Botanist -- discovered disease was infectious (sap)
Martinus Beijerinck - answer Coined term "virus" to indicate non-bacterial
Example of Viral Diseases - answer Small Pox (Edward Jenner -- derived vaccine from cowpox)
Poliovirus (causes poliomyelitis, paralysis, still exists all over the world mostly poorer nations )
What is hindering eradication of Polio - answer -Cost of vaccine manufacturing
-Inefficient supply
-Limited vaccine available for supplementary immunization
-Need to switch to IPV $$$> over OPV
Virus - answer Infect all life forms, smaller than bacteria, not cells but particles, Often grouped
by host (plant, animal, bacterial)
What type of Genome do viruses have? - answer RNA or DNA
NEVER BOTH
Linear or circular
SS or DS
How do viruses replicate? - answer Only in live cells
, Two Phases:
-Extracellular phase inert but infectious
-Intracellular phase active but non-infectious
What is the protein coat of a virus? - answer Nucleic acid surrounded by the capsid that is
composed of capsomer subunits
Shapes: isometric, helical, complex
What is an icosahedral virus? - answer polyhedral with 20 identical triangular faces (soccer ball),
has spikes of viral proteins
What is a filamentous virus? - answer Helical symmetry -- forms a helical (neck) tube around the
genome
What is the pox virus surrounded by? - answer It has a lipidbilayer that acts as a capsule,
surrounded by several layers
What are bacterial defenses? - answer Phage outnumber bacteria -- bacteria are at constant risk
of phage attack
-Genetic resistance (altered receptors)
-Restriction endonucleases (Cleave villa DNA lacking correct methylation)
-CRISPR (integration of phage DNA)
In restriction endonuclease what is happening? - answer Bacteria methylate their chromosomes
to prevent from restricting enzymes
Incoming phage DNA is unmethylated and can be degraded
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