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BIOS255 Comprehensive – Complete Study Guide
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BIOS255 Comprehensive – Complete Study Guide
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BIOS255 Comprehensive – Complete Study GuideNegative feedback ✔️Ans - A process in which the body senses a change
and activates mechanisms that reverse it. Keeps a variable close to its set
point. Negative feedback opposes original stimulus. MOST COMMON feedback
loop.
Examples of negative feedback ✔️Ans - body temperature, blood pressure,
glucose regulation
Components of a feedback loop ✔️Ans - stimulus, sensor, control center,
effector
Positive feedback ✔️Ans - A type of regulation that responds to a change in
conditions by initiating responses that will amplify the change. Takes
organism away from a steady state. Enhances original stimulus
Examples of positive feedback ✔️Ans - birth, blood clotting, lactation
epithelial tissue ✔️Ans - Epithelial tissue consists of a sheet of closely
adhering cells, one or more cells thick, with the upper surface usually exposed
to the environment or to an internal space in the body. Epithelium covers the
body surface, lines body cavities, forms the external and internal linings of
many organs, and constitutes most gland tissue.
epithelia ✔️Ans - avascular (without blood vessels) —there is no room for
them between the cells. Epithelia, however, usually lie on a vessel rich layer of
connective tissue, which furnishes them with nutrients and waste removal
what is beneath epithelial tissue? ✔️Ans - a basement membrane that
serves as an anchor to the connective tissue layer beneath
are epithelial tissues polarized? ✔️Ans - epithelial cells establish an apical-
basial polarity which results from the differential distribution of
phospholipids, proteins complexes, and cytoskeletal components between the
various plasma membrane domains reflecting their specialized functions
, *CONNECTIVE TISSUE* What is chondroitin sulfate and ✔️Ans -
Chondroitin sulfate is the most common GAG (glycosaminoglycans)
How are glycosaminoglycans charged? ✔️Ans - GAGS are negatively
charged, which attracts sodium and potassium ions, which in return causes
them to absorb and retain water
Where is chondroitin sulfate located in the body? ✔️Ans - found in blood
vessels and bones
What role do glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have ✔️Ans - they regulate the
water and electrolyte balance in tissues
collagen fibers ✔️Ans - provides flexibility and strength
elastic fibers ✔️Ans - Flexible and "stretchy" fibers that add elasticity to
tissue
reticular fibers ✔️Ans - Fibers made of collagen fibers that are very thin
and branched. interwoven
what is the function of keratin in the epidermis? ✔️Ans - The epidermal
cells are packed with a tough protein keratin and linked by strong
desmosomes that gives the epithelium, or skin, is durability
merocrine (eccrine) glands ✔️Ans - Sweat glands that function in
evaporative cooling; widely distributed over the body surface; open by ducts
onto the skin surface
apocrine glands ✔️Ans - Sweat glands that function as scent glands; found
in the regions covered by the pubic, axillary, and male facial hair; open by
ducts into hair follicles
sebaceous glands ✔️Ans - secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where
the hair shafts pass through the dermis
Endochindral ossification ✔️Ans - Hardening of cartilage into bone -
formation of most long bones
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