TEST BANK FOR
Community/Public
Health Nursing, 7th
Edition by Nies
,Chapter 01: Health: A Community View
Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care?
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
ANS: C
The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs, which cannot be
sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the majority of escalating health care dollars,
which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to 17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the
media both influence Americans’ perceptions about health care; however, they are not the primary
reason why Americans are concerned. The new healthcare system will change the health care access
and availability, but will not necessarily be offering any free services to Americans.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this
involvement important?
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
visible in American media. IGB.CM
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b. Nurses are primarily responsible for mTanagingOthe various units in our health care system.
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c. Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.
d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.
ANS: C
As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about the current health care
system and all the problems that result from people not seeking care until they are desperately ill.
Nurses, as the American Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually believe that health care is a
right, not a privilege. Therefore, nurses, whose work is central to our current health care delivery
system, can also be instrumental in working politically to create a health care delivery system that will
meet health needs. While nurses are in several current TV series and are employed both inside and
outside of hospitals, physicians and otherhealth care providers are as well. Nurses are often
managers, but managers often have other backgrounds, such as business administration.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?
a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical
centers.
b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer
, relations.
ANS: B
MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing and acute care is
increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be seen in an increase in
neighborhood-based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is
recognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, nurses are increasingly
employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change reflects themove toward
community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease the continued rise in
health care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease prevention rather than high-cost treatment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis?
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace.
b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice.
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility.
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.
ANS: C
Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the environment safe andin
egalitarian tradition and vision. An overinvestment in technology and seeking of cures within the market
justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system to protect and preserve the health of the
population. Although individual autonomy and freedom of choice are important, so is the recognition of
collective responsibility in ensuring social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on choosing healthylifestyle
behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices?
a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use ofalcohol
or drugs, is also needed.
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable.
c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and
vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices.
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and
environmental changes needed for well-being.
ANS: D
Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis on personal choicesin the
Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices ignores the need for community
responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural restraints to health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require ofthe nurse
beyond giving excellent care to patients?
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available
, to clients.
b. Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new graduates to help
increase and expand the number of professionals available.
c. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care.
d. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care.
ANS: C
The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation to positively
affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code does not directly address workplace
issues, such as work schedules or need for overtime.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)
7. What is the community health nursing definition of health?
a. Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or
wholeness.
b. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely theabsence
of disease or infirmity.
c. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment inmeeting
daily existence.
d. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being.
ANS: D
The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s choices, but choices andactions of
individuals, families, groups, and communities that lead to better health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
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8. How does community health nursing define community?
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a. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries
b. A group of persons who share a common identity and environment
c. A group of persons who work together to meet common goals
d. A group of persons who resolve a community concern
ANS: B
Community health nurses work with both geopolitical groups (within specific geographic boundaries)
and phenomenological groups (who have a common identity based on culture, history, or goals). A
particular phenomenological group may or may not have been a plannedgroup—that is, a group that
came together to resolve a recognized common problem or to meet a common goal. However, of all the
choices, a group of persons who share a common identity (phenomenological group) and environment
(which implies a specific geographic setting) is the broadest and most complete definition.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health?
a. Behavior choices made by persons in the community
b. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community
c. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.)
d. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community
ANS: A
