100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Exam 2 Study Guide - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing $13.99   Add to cart

Summary

Exam 2 Study Guide - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing

 8 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
  • Institution
  • Summary Maternity And Pediatric Nursing

Exam 2 Study Guide - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Chapter 17, 18

Preview 3 out of 30  pages

  • Yes
  • November 19, 2023
  • 30
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:
  • Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
  • Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
avatar-seller
wanjirugichia
11/19/23, 9:30 AM Exam 2 Study Guide - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
about:blank 1/30
Exam 2 Study Guide
Chapter 17
Cardiov ascular S ystem Change s:
KNOW REFLEXE S AND WHEN THEY GO A WAY
SPINA BIFID A (2 DIMPLES?)
GALLANT REFLEX
SKIN T O SKIN BENEFITS
DEHYDRA TED BAB Y= SUNCK IN FONT ANELS
ACROCYANOSIS
WHEN FEET ARE MORE BL UE THAN HANDS BAB Y IS COLD
HEAR T RATE: 120-160
SLEEPING BAB Y: HEART RA TE COULD DROP AS LO W AS 100
SKIN T AGS ARE NORMAL BUT SHOULD PROMPT FUR THER INVESIGA TION
BILIRUBIN: TRAU MA, BLOOD COMPENT S, CONJUGA TION
IGA, IGG, IGM
SKIN: FIRS T LINE OF DEFENSE, TEMP ERATURE, PREVENTS DEHYDRA TION
BLACK W OMEN CAN HA VE WHITE BABIES
108 K CAL DA Y OPTIMAL DIET FOR NEWBORN
-The umbilical v ein carries o xygenat ed blood from the placent a to the fe tus
-The ductus venous al lows f or the majority of the blood to bypass the liver and mer ge with blood moving thr ough the vena ca va bringing it to t he heart sooner . The for amen ovale allo ws the blood from the right a trium to move to the left atri um which bypasses the pulmonary cir culation (lungs). -The ductus arteriol es connects the pulmonary art ery to the aorta which also skip s the pulmonary circ uit (lungs)
-Only a small amount o f blood goes to t he lungs f or perfusion purposes
-At birth the newborn cir culation and placent al oxy gen ex change must switch to pulmonary g as exc hange (lungs)
-The changes must include increas ed pulmonary blood flow , remova l of the placent a, closure of the f oramen ovale (the opening betwee n the right and le ft atrium) and c losure of the v enou s ductus and ductus art erioles -The str esses of birth release cat echolamine’ s that are critical for the tr ansition into e xtraut erine life. - The increas ed levels of e pi and norepi s timulate incr eased cardiac output an d contr actility; stimulat e surf actant release ( needed f or oxy gen and gas e xchange) and pr omotion of lung fluid clearance 11/19/23, 9:30 AM Exam 2 Study Guide - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
about:blank 2/30
Fetal to neona tal Circula tion Changes:
-Circula tion changes as soo n as the fe tus separat es from th e placenta
-When the cor d is clamped is when the fir st breat h is tak en and lungs begin to func tion
-Systemic vascular r esistance increases and blood return via inf erior vena ca va decreases -Decrease in pulmo nary vascular r esistance and incr ease in pulmonary blood flow
-Fore man ovale closes with a decr ease in pulmonary vascular resis tance decreasing rig ht sided heart pr essures. It closes when left at rial pressu re increases and right a trium pressure decr eases. Normally functionally c loses at birth and permant antly closes in sever al weeks.
-The ductus arteriol es and venous ductus a re no longer needed and turn in to lig aments over time.
-With closure of th e for amen ovale o xygenat ed blood and deo xygenated bl ood now become se para ted
-During f etal lif e the ductus arterio les protected the lungs from cir culatory overl oad by shunting blood right to left into th e descending aorta t o the rest of the body
-Patency of the ductus arterioles is pr otected by pr ostaglandins E2 during fetal lif e
-Ductus arterioles func tionally close a f ew hours aft er birth and its closur e depends on increased o xygenation resulting fro m aera tion of the lungs after birth
-The venous ductus clos es within a f ew days aft er birth because it ’s shunting of blood is no l onger needed w ith the activation of t he liver . The liver now t akes ov er the function of the placenta
-The umbilical v essels (1 vei n, 2 arteries) begi n to co nstrict and are no longer nee ded, also becoming lig aments (One aret ery is associat ed with ren al and GI abnormalities)
Heart Rate :
-During firs t few minut es after birth the inf ant’s heart r ate is be tween 110-160 but then decreases to an a verage of 120-130.
-The newborn is depe ndent on the heart r ate f or maint ance of car diac output and blood pressure.
-BP normally plat eaus a week aft er birth
-Cardiac de fects can be de termined thr ough a thorough phy sical assessment of the newb orns cardio vascular system. The nurs e should be able to iden tify any a bnormalities because this c ould lead to early detection and treat ment.
-A tr ansient functional c ardiac murm ur may be heard duri ng the neonatal p eriod as a res ult of car diovas cular changes.
-Fluctuations of heart r ate and blood pr essure mimic baby ’s behavior al state. (If baby is agit ated th e heart ra te and blood pressur e will be elevat ed)
-Tachy cardia may be f ound as a res ult of fluid volume loss, c ardio respir atory disease, drug withdr awal and hypert hyroidism.
-Brady cardia is f ound with apnea and hypo xia 11/19/23, 9:30 AM Exam 2 Study Guide - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
about:blank 3/30
Blood volume:
-The amount of bloo d the baby has depends on the amount of blood tr ansferre d to the in fant from t he placent a at birth.
-Late clam ping (after 3 mi nutes) is bett er than early clamping (30-40 seconds). La te clamping impr oves the inf ants cardi opulmonary adaption, prev ents iron deficie nt anemia without incr easing risk of hypervolemia, i ncreases blood pressur e, improves o xygen tr ansport, and increases red blo od cell flow . -Cord blood “na ture’ s firs t stem cell tr ansplant ”
Blood Components:
-Fetus has more r ed blood cells at birth. They ar e larger in siz e and have a gr eater affinity f or oxygen. After birth the
RBC count incr eases and the RBC decreases in siz e. This is due the RBC now living in an en vironment wher e there is much more pulmonary o xygenatio n. -An inf ant’s hemoglobin initially declines as a res ult of a decr ease in neonat al red blood cell mass
-Leuk ocytosis (increased whit e blood cell coun t) is presen t after birth due to th e trauma of birth. -The newborns pla telet aggr egation and platelet c ount are the same as adults
-Blood test results of the ne wborn re dep endent of wher e the blood is draw n from, c apillary blood has higher levels of hemogl obin and hemat ocrit compar ed to venous blood, placent al transfusion ( early vs. lat e cord clamping), ges tational age (incr eased age is ass ociated with increased RBC an d hemoglobin)
NORMAL NEWBORN BL OOD V ALUES
Hemoglobin- 16-18
Hematocrit - 46-68%
Platele ts- 150,000-350,000
RBC 4.5-7.0 (1,000,000)
WBC 10-30000
Respir atory Sy stem Adapta tions:
-Lung aera tion leads to the est ablishment of functio nal residual c apacity allowing for g as excha nge to begi n
-The firs t brea th results in the lungs filling increasi ng pulmonary pressu re which pushes the di aphragm down
-While the mom is in labor she is br eathing rapi dly (hyper capnia), hypo xic, and acidodic, all of these help initiat e the baby to br eath
-Inspira tion of air and ex pansion of lungs increase tidal volume
-Surfact ant preven ts alveolar collapse a t the end of ex piration and loss of lung volume
-Normal lung function depends on sur factant which perm its a decrease in s urface t ension at the end of expir ation to pre vent atelect asis
-The newborns ches t wall is floppy due t o the high cartilag e content and poorly devel oped musculatur e

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller wanjirugichia. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67163 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$13.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart