ATI Gerontology Final Review.pdf

Gero Final Chapter 21 ● Dietary changes for healthy urinary function/avoiding UTI’s ○ Good fluid intake ○ Vitamin C ○ Cranberries, prunes, plums, eggs, cheese, yogurt, fish, and grains ● BPH ○ Nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly occurs with age ○ Prostate tissue replaced with fibrotic tissue ○ Increased risk of malignancy with age ○ Thought to be associated with prostatic cancer ● Glomerulonephritis ○ condition in which there is inflammation of the glomeruli ■ which filter blood as it passes through the kidneys. ● Medication effects on bladder function/incontinence ○ Estrogen and anticholinergics for stress ○ Anticholinergics and adrenergic antagonist for urgency ○ Parasympathomimetics for overflow. ● Nocturia in older adults ○ Voiding at least once during the night ● Urinary incontinence & management/prevention ○ Involuntary loss of urine. ○ Stress incontinence: ■ caused by weak supporting pelvic muscles ■ When intra-abdominal pressure is placed on the pelvic floor (e.g., from laughing, sneezing, or coughing), urine is involuntarily lost. ■ Obesity contributes to this problem. ■ Kegel, biofeedback, medications, sometimes surgery ○ Urgency incontinence: ■ caused by UTI, enlargement of the prostate, diverticulitis, or pelvic or bladder tumors. Irritation or spasms of the bladder wall cause a sudden elimination of urine. Toileting schedule, kegel, biofeedback, medications. ○ Overflow incontinence: ■ associated with bladder neck obstructions and medications (e.g., adrenergics, anticholinergics, and calcium channel blockers). ■ Bladder muscles fail to contract or periurethral muscles do not relax, leading to an excessive accumulation of urine in the bladder. ■ Schedule, crede method, intermittent catherization, medications. ○ Neurogenic (reflex) incontinence: ■ arising from cerebral cortex lesions, multiple sclerosis, and other disturbances along the neural pathway. ■ There is an inability to sense the urge to void or control urine flow.