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Introduction to virology
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  • Cardiff University (CF)

An overview of viruses - different types of viruses and methods of transmission as well as their microbiology. Focusing on the action of different anti-virals and how they act on a molecular level.

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Document information

  • November 25, 2023
  • 5
  • 2018/2019
  • Class notes
  • Professor wilson
  • All classes

Subjects

  • virus
  • microorganisms
  • transmission
  • disease
  • infection
  • hiv
  • hepatitis
  • microbiology

Written for

  • Cardiff University (CF)
  • Unknown
  • Unknown

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aarijelahi

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Introduction to virology




Virus: infectious, obligate intracellular parasite containing genetic material. It must also have nucleic
acid within it – either RNA or DNA, never both.

Virus particles assemble of pre-formed components.

• Genome (RNA or DNA; segmented)

• Capsid (protein)

• Nucleocapsid = capsid+genome

• Envelope (sometimes) – non-enveloped are stronger.

• Glycoproteins

• Exploit metabolism of host cell.

Viruses are classified using the Baltimore classification system. The type of viral nuclei determines
the method of replication and transcription e.g. HIV via reverse transcriptase and integrase as it has
reverse RNA present.

, Viruses vary in size of genome:

Human Virus:

Hepatitis B: 3 kb

HIV: 10 kb

Adenovirus: 35kb

Vaccina: 185kb

CMV 235kb

Capsids and Envelopes:

• Capsid

o Protects nucleic acid

o Must also be easy to disassemble

o Helical (e.g. flu)

o Icosahedral (e.g. Adenovirus)

o Complex (e.g. poxvirus)

• Enveloped

o Surrounded by lipid envelope derived from the host cell

o Contains viral glycoproteins

o Sensitive to drying out

o Will not survive the gut

Generic Virus Replication Cycle:




o There are 2 ways a virus can be released: budding or via lysis of host cell.
o Viruses grow by assembly of pre-formed components e.g. envelope.

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