AMSCO - 2.5 Reading Notes - AP History question n answers graded A+

AMSCO - 2.5 Reading Notes - AP History Generally, in which ways did cultural diffusion in c. effect places? - correct answers Goods, people, and ideas traveled with relative freedom through the networks of exchange in Afro- Eurasia in the years between c. 1200 and c. 1450. Technological developments were diffused by trade. Literary and artistic interactions and cultural exchanges were documented by travelers. How did it (Buddhism) spread to China? - correct answers Buddhism came to China from its birthplace in India via the Silk Roads, and the 7th-century Buddhist monk Xuanzang helped make it popular. What was Zen Buddhism and why was is popular? - correct answers Monks related Buddhism to familiar Daoist principles, and in time Buddhist doctrines fused with elements of Daoist traditions to create the syncretic faith Chan Buddhism, also known as Zen Buddhism. How did printing impact Buddhism in China? How was literature itself impacted? - correct answers The development of printing had made Buddhist scriptures widely available to the Confucian scholar gentry. Buddhist writers also influenced Chinese literature by writing in the vernacular rather than the formal language of Confucian scholars, a practice that became widespread. What does it mean that Japan and Korea were "countries in China's orbit"? Why would they adopt Confucianism and Buddhism at this time (think back to the Song Dynasty)? - correct answers Japan and Korea were heavily influenced by China and adopted many of the Chinese's beliefs and traditions at the time. This includes Confucianism and Buddhism. In Korea, who studied which religion and why? - correct answers The educated elite studied Confucian classics, while Buddhist doctrine attracted the peasants because peasants wanted the ability to social climb, which confucianism does not provide. How was Neo-Confucianism significant to East Asia? - correct answers Neo-Confucianism, first appearing in the Tang Dynasty but developing further in the Song Dynasty, fused rational thought with the abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism and became widespread in Japan and Vietnam. It also became Korea's official state ideology. How did it (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to Southeast Asia? - correct answers Through trade, the Indian religions of Hinduism and Buddhism made their way to Southeast Asia as well. What evidence do we have that Buddhism had a strong influence (in Southeast Asia)? - correct answers The sea-based Srivijaya Empire on Sumatra was a Hindu kingdom, while the later Majapahit Kingdom on Java was Buddhist. The South Asian land-based Sinhala dynasties in Sri Lanka became centers of Buddhist study with many monasteries. Buddhism's influence was so strong under the Sinhala dynasties that Buddhist priests often advised monarchs on matters of government. The Khmer Empire had both Hindu and Buddhist cultural influences. How does the Khmer Empire (Angkor Wat) evidence religious diffusion? - correct answers The royal monuments at Angkor Thom are evidence of both Hindu and Buddhist cultural influences on Southeast Asia. Hindu artwork and sculptures of Hindu gods adorned the city. Later, when Khmer rulers had become Buddhist, they added Buddhist sculptures and artwork onto buildings while keeping the Hindu artwork. How and where did Islam spread? - correct answers Through merchants, missionaries, and conquests, Islam spread over a wide swath ofAfrica, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. List TWO specific impacts (of Islam) for each region below: Africa (I listed all here, but only 2 on the actual packet) - correct answers - Swahili language is a blend of Bantu and Arabic and is still widely spoken today - Timbuktu became a center of Islamic learning - Leaders of African states deepened Islamic ties through pilgrimages to Mecca List TWO specific impacts (of Islam) for each region below: South Asia (I listed all here, but only 2 on the actual packet) - correct answers - Before Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism were popular. - After Islam arrived, Buddhists converted more readily than Hindus because they were disillusioned by the corruption among Buddhist priests. - With its emphasis on equality, Islam also attracted lower-caste Hindus.