AP World History Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections Latest 2022
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AP World Chapter
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AP World Chapter
Caravel A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish
in the exploration of the Atlantic; used for long voyages at great speed from 15th to 17th centuries;
used for exploration, not trade
Carrack a large trading merchant ship operating in European waters (espe...
AP World History Unit 4: Transoceanic
Interconnections Latest 2022
Caravel ✔✔A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish
in the exploration of the Atlantic; used for long voyages at great speed from 15th to 17th centuries;
used for exploration, not trade
Carrack ✔✔a large trading merchant ship operating in European waters (especially by the
Portuguese) in the 14th to the 17th century.
Fluyt ✔✔Dutch sailing vessel that allowed them to control the Baltic trade; designed to facilitate
transoceanic delivery with max space and crew efficiency; used from 16th to 17th centuries
Henry the Navigator ✔✔(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation
and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa; sponsored seafaring
expeditions to search for an all-water route to the east; imported enslaved Africans via the sea
Vasco da Gama ✔✔Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from
Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route for Europeans
Ferdinand Magellan ✔✔Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that
was the first to sail around the world.
trading post empire ✔✔Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on
control of subject peoples; practiced by Europeans in the Indian Ocean as they took over trade
from Arab and Muslim merchants
Christopher Columbus ✔✔Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain
while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
,Columbian Exchange ✔✔The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the
Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus' voyages.
Mercantilism ✔✔An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and
power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought;
colonies were crucial in the accumulation of wealth
The Great Dying ✔✔Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European-
borne epidemic diseases on the Americas.
Chattel Slavery ✔✔Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell
that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade
Mita System ✔✔economic system in Inca society where people paid taxes with their labor and
what they produced; later exploited by the Spanish as they forced Incas to mine silver
Indentured Servitude ✔✔A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period
of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were
Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians.
Encomienda ✔✔A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to
use Native Americans as laborers on it
Hacienda ✔✔Spanish estates in the Americas that were often plantations. They often represent the
gradual removal of land from peasant ownership and a type of feudalistic order where the owners
of would have agreements of loyalty but would retain control over the actual land. This continued
into the 20th century.
, joint-stock company ✔✔A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder
contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and
debts; used by European rulers to finance exploration and were used by rulers to compete against
one another in global trade
Royal chartered monopoly companies ✔✔Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to
France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to Indian Ocean colonies
Casta Paintings ✔✔Paintings that show the racial mixing of a family. Shows hierarchy of society.
Mestizo ✔✔The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed native American
and European descent.
Mulatto ✔✔The term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed
African and European descent.
Creoles ✔✔Descendants of Spanish-born but born in Latin America; resented inferior social,
political, economic status.
Peninsulares ✔✔Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.
Fronde ✔✔A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing
royal control and increased taxation
Nat Turner's Rebellion ✔✔a slave rebellion led by Nat Turner that took place in Virginia in 1831;
one example of slave resistance challenging existing authorities in the Americas
British East India Company ✔✔A British joint stock company that controlled most of India during
the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India
for more than 200 years.
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