Low lateral lead and artery - cardiac - ANSLead V5, V6 - LCX
High lateral lead - cardiac - ANSLead I, aVL
, Symptoms of Left heart failure - ANSOrthopnea, dyspnea, crackles, Low PaO2, SaO2 &
SpO2, S3 & S4, Increased PAOP & PA pressures
Symptoms of Right heart failure - ANSJVD, Peripheral edema, Hepatomegaly, Increased
CVP/RAP, S3 & S4
Symptoms of Systolic heart failure - ANSDecreased stroke volume, decreased ejection
fraction, S3 and enlarged heart
Symptoms of Diastolic heart failure - ANSDecreased stroke volume, normal ejection
fraction, S4, normal heart size
Laboratory signs of DIC - ANSDecreased platelets
Increased PT/INR
Increased aPTT
Decreased fibrinogen
Increased FSP
Increased D-Dimer
Physical signs of DIC - ANSHypotension, Petechia, Purpura, Bruising, Bleeding in oral,
GI/GU, or pulmonary
Chvostek's Sign - ANSFacial muscle twitching when cheek is tapped - Hypocalcemia
Trousseau's Sign - ANSSpasming of the hand when the bp cuff is inflated beyong systolic
pressure for >3 min - Hypocalcemia
Grey Turner's Sign - ANSBruising of the flanks, appearing as a blue discoloration -
retroperitoneal bleed
Cullen's Sign - ANSSuperficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around
the umbilicus - Intraperitoneal bleed
Kehr's Sign - ANSAcute pain in the tip of the shoulder when a person is lying down and the
legs are elevated - splenic rupture
Calculation of anion gap - ANS(Na + K) - (CL + HCO3) *Cations - Anions
Normal is < 15
PaO2/FiO2 Ratio (P/F ratio) - ANSMeasures the difference between oxygen content in PaO2
divided by the FiO2. Used to predict shunting and hypoxemia
<300 = ALI
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