Primary concern when a person cannot stop coughing/clearing their throat following house
fire/smoke? - Airway/Intubate
Lab evidence of cellular perfusion - Base Excess (Less than -6 is BAD)
Multiple people are in the ER of different ages who all go to the same church. They all have the same
sym...
Primary concern when a person cannot stop coughing/clearing their throat following house
fire/smoke? - ✔✔Airway/Intubate
Lab evidence of cellular perfusion - ✔✔Base Excess (Less than -6 is BAD)
Multiple people are in the ER of different ages who all go to the same church. They all have the same
symptoms. What is the most likely cause? - ✔✔Biologic
Suspected shock type with a spinal cord injury - ✔✔Distributive Shock (Includes neurogenic)
Patient has GCS of 3, unequal pupils (one sluggish, one blown), and is posturing. What is the cause? -
✔✔Herniation
Middle Meningeal Artery - ✔✔Epidural Hematoma (results from collection of blood that forms
between dura mater and skull)
Prior to having a concussion (TBI), the patient had a brain injury that was not fully healed. What is
the cause? - ✔✔2nd Impact Syndrome
Bowel sounds heard in the L chest. What is this a symptom of? - ✔✔Ruptured diaphragm
Symptoms of __________________: include muffled heart sounds and hypotension -
✔✔Pericardiocentesis
How should you dress a severed limb? - ✔✔Sterile gauze with normal saline THEN put ice on it
Amylase level looks at _____________ - ✔✔Pancreas
What should you do if your patient has hyphema (collection of blood inside the front part of the
eye?) - ✔✔Sit HOB up to 30 degrees
,Principle that people have to take action after suffering a loss in order to decrease severity,
seriousness, or painfulness - ✔✔Mitigation
What organ is most at risk following a gunshot - ✔✔Liver
8 year old child with longitudinal thigh lacerations - ✔✔Sign of child abuse
Bleeding around belly button - ✔✔Cullen's Sign
What would cause an inaccurate reading from an 02 saturation probe? - ✔✔Carboxyhemoglobin
(increase FiO2 to 100%)
General study of forces and their effects on living tissue and the human body - ✔✔Biomechanics
Study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or potential injuries - ✔✔Kinematics
Refers to the separation of tissue resulting from a sound and/or hydraulic wave force- the effect is a
crushing pressure wave which creates a temporary cavity, followed by a rapid and violent closing of
the cavity. - ✔✔Cavitation
This rapid motion can lead to crushing, tearing, and shearing forces on tissue - ✔✔Cavitation
Used in OR; does not provide protection against aspiration and not recommended in patients who
have eaten recently. It is a supraglottic airway. - ✔✔Laryngeal Mask Airway
Single tube retroglottic device inserted into the esophagus and traps the glottis opening between an
esophageal cuff and an oropharyngeal cuff. Designed with 2 ports/lumens each with a separate cuff.
Does NOT provide protection against aspiration and is not indicated in children. It is a retroglottic
airway. - ✔✔King Tube
Types of Shock (4) - ✔✔Hypovolemic, Obstructive, Cardiogenic, Distributive
,Hemorrhage is the leading cause. Can result from vomiting, diarrhea, and burn trauma. Decreased
circulating volume --> decreased preload. Therapy includes replacing the type of volume that was
lost. - ✔✔Hypovolemic Shock
Results from hypo perfusion of tissue due to an obstruction in either the vasculature or heart.
Therapy aimed at relieving the obstruction and improving perfusion. - ✔✔Obstructive Shock
Two classic examples of obstructive shock - ✔✔Cardiac tamponade and tension pneumothorax
Results from pump failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. Lack of CO and end-
organ perfusion secondary to a decrease in myocardial contractility and/or valvular insufficiency.
Therapy includes inotropic support, antidysrhythmic medications, and correction or treatment of
underlying cause. - ✔✔Cardiogenic Shock
Results from the misdistribution of an adequate circulating blood volume with the loss of vascular
tone or increased permeability. Treatment is to provide volume replacement, increase systemic
vascular resistance with medications (pressors) and possible antibiotics. - ✔✔Distributive Shock
Examples that can cause distributive shock - ✔✔Anaphylactic shock, septic shock, neurogenic shock
___________________: Impairs thrombin production and platelet function
_____________ ______________: Impairs thrombin production
_______________________: Results in depletion of clotting factors through hemodilution and the
impaired ability to produce clotting factors. - ✔✔Trauma Triad of Death
1. Hypothermia
2. Metabolic Acidosis
3. Coagulopathy
Stages of Shock (3) - ✔✔1. Compensated
2. Decompensated vs Progressive
3. Irreversible
, Complete craniofacial separation involving maxilla, zygoma, orbits, and bones of the cranial base.
Assessment findings include: massive facial edema, mobility and depression of zygomatic bones,
ecchymoses, diplopia, and open bite or malocclusion. - ✔✔LeFort III
Transverse maxillary bone fracture that occurs above the level of the teeth from the maxilla.
Assessment findings include: independent moment of the maxilla from the rest of the face, slight
swelling of the maxillary area, lip laceration or fractured teeth, malocclusion. - ✔✔LeFort I
Pyramidal maxillary bone fracture involving the mid-face area. The apex of the fracture transverses
the bridge of the nose. Assessment findings include: massive facial edema, nasal swelling with
obvious fracture of the nasal bones, malocclusion, CSF rhinorrhea - ✔✔LeFort II
Can be caused by blunt trauma. Air escapes from the injured lung into the pleural space, and
negative intrapleural pressure is lost resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung. S & S:
dyspnea, tachypnea, decreased/absent breath sounds on injured side, chest pain. Treatment: based
on size, symptoms, and stability. Chest tube may be placed to evacuate pleural air and maintain lung
expansion - ✔✔Pneumothorax
Air enters the intrapleural space but cannot escape on expiration. The increasing intrathoracic
pressure causes the lung on the injured side to collapse. If pressure is not relieved, the mediastinum
can shift toward the uninjured side compressing the heart/great vessels/and opposite lung. S & S:
anxiety, severe restlessness, severe respiratory distress, significantly diminished or absent breath
sounds on injured side, hypotension, distended neck/head/upper extremity veins, tracheal deviation,
or a shift toward uninjured side. Treatment: Needle thoracentesis and chest tube insertion -
✔✔Tension Pneumothorax
Collection of blood in pericardial sac. Mechanism of injury is typically penetrating trauma.
Compresses the heart and decreases ability of the ventricles to fill causing decreased SV and CO. S &
S: hypotension, muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, tachycardia or PEA, dyspnea, cyanosis,
chest pain. Surgical evacuation will be needed. - ✔✔Cardiac Tamponade
__________________ Shock: Spinal cord injury at T6 or above. Temporary loss of vasomotor tone
and sympathetic innervation. Temporary duration usually <72 hours. S & S: hypotension, bradycardia,
loss of ability to sweat below level of injury. - ✔✔Neurogenic
______________ Shock: Spinal cord injury at any level. Transient loss of reflex below the level of
injury. Variable duration. S & S: flaccidity, loss of reflexes, bowel/bladder dysfunction. - ✔✔Spinal
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