ONS fundamentals exam questions & answers 2023/2024
when chemo is used before primary treatment (surgery) to reduce the size of a tumor - ANSWER-
neoadjuvant therapy
neoadjuvant therapy is common for what 2 kind of cancers? - ANSWER-colon and breast
when chemo is used after primary (surgery, radiation) - ANSWER-adjuvant
induction - ANSWER-start of chemo
consolidation - ANSWER-testing labs and such after chemo
myeloblation - ANSWER-destroying the bone marrow in order to a transplant for leukemias
what do alkylayting agents do? - ANSWER-directly damage the DNA to stop replication
Alkylating agents major side effects - ANSWER-naseau and vomititng, myelosupression, neurotoxicity
alkylating ages examples - ANSWER-cisplatin, carboplatin, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, oxaliplatin
cyclophosphamide - ANSWER-used for leukemias, lymphomas, myeloma, breast and ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma. HYDRATE before and after (can cause acute hemmoragic cystitis). can cause liver and renal damage. can cause extreme nausea, and cardiac issues. contraindicated if extreme marrow suppression. cisplatin - ANSWER-used for bladder, testes, ovaries, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, head and neck and
squamous cell. contraindicated for bad kidneys, hearing loss, neuropathy, lactation, and myelosupresion.
vesicant. can cause neuropathy and ototoxicmy, extreme nausea, delayed nausea. need fluids!
carboplatin - ANSWER-ovaries, head and neck, lung, cervial, metastatic breast, testicular, lymphoma, relapse leukemia. contraindicated with marrow suppression, lactation, and bleeding tendencies. anaphylactic reactions can occur!
Antimetabolites - ANSWER-interfere with DNA. methotrexate and flourouracil. can cause myelosupresion, nausea and vomiting, mucositis, and gastrointestinal toxicity.
methotrexate - ANSWER-use aggressive hydration, can cause renal and liver impairment. no pregnant or breast-feeding. hydrate
5-flourouracil - ANSWER-no people with poor nutrition, myelosupression, or serious infection. can cause EKG changes, angina, hypotension, myocardial ischemia. effects normally within first 2 days. avoid excessive sun exposure. leukovorin can help enhance. give ice chips to hold in mouth 10-15 minutes before and after transfusion to help prevent mouth soars. assess mouth!!
antitumor antibiotic - ANSWER-alter DNA. doxorubicin. cardiac toxicity, myelosupression, vesicant
doxorubacin - ANSWER-used for tumors and blood cancers. vesicant. go slow. be aware of patients heart.
cardiotoxic.
Nitrosoureas - ANSWER-inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis. can cross blood brain barrier! can cause secondary malignancies. pulmonary fibrosis, anorexia, alopecia. example: carmustine
carmustine - ANSWER-pulmonary toxic, be aware.
irinotecan - ANSWER-not recommended while on radiation. caution against elderly due to diarrhea.
Plant Alkaloids - ANSWER-vincristine, etoposide, paclitaxel. neurotoxicity, hypersensativity
