AQA AS HISTORY The British Empire, c1857–1967 Component 1J The High Water Mark of the
British Empire, c1857–1914 MAY 2023 QP
AS
HISTORY
The British Empire, c1857–1967
Component 1J The High Water Mark of the British Empire, c1857–1914
Wednesday 17 May 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7041/1J.
• Answer two questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 50.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 50 minutes on Section A
– 40 minutes on Section B.
, 2
IB/M/Jun23/E5 7041/1J
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
Egypt had to be subdued to secure the Suez Canal, an imperial lifeline since 1875 when
Disraeli had bought shares in it. Its strategic importance was clear as a route to and from
India through which troops could pass. The Canal was vital for British trade, as both
exports and imports were shipped through it but Egyptian nationalism in 1882, and the
prospect of anti-European protests, threatened the safety of the Canal. Gladstone had to 5
pounce quickly, as Arabi Pasha might have secured recognition as the ruler of Egypt.
Gladstone declared that Britain was ‘saving Egypt from anarchy’, and the installation of a
Consul-General demonstrated Britain’s determination to create a stable Egypt. By 1885,
the Canal had been secured.
Adapted from L James, Empires in the Sun: The Struggle for the Mastery of Africa, 2016
Extract B
By 1875 Disraeli had established a British government interest in Egypt by buying shares
in the Suez Canal. However, this was only the beginning of Britain’s formal economic
involvement in Egypt, and it was soon extended by the implementation of Dual Control in
1878. By 1881 the interests of both British capitalists and the British government were
threatened by internal instability and the prospect of French intervention. British
5
cost-cutting measures had led to a nationalist uprising, which in turn led to Britain invading
Egypt to protect British economic national interests as they were now threatened by
internal instability. Without France, Britain would probably not have invaded Egypt nor
have secured their rule by the Convention of London in 1885.
Adapted from B Porter, The Lion’s Share: A Short History of British Imperialism
1850–2004, 2004
0 1 With reference to these extracts and your understanding of the historical context, which
of these two extracts provides the more convincing interpretation of the reasons for
the establishment of British control in Egypt in the years 1875 to 1885?
[25 marks]
IB/M/Jun23/7041/1
J
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