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Critical Thinking and Logic - C168 Exam/135 Questions and Answers
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Critical Thinking and Logic - C168Exam/135 Questions and Answers
What is critical thinking? - -An intellectual model for understanding issues
and forming reasonable and informed views on them.
Involves analyzing, evaluating, and improving one's own thinking
Thinking about thinking in order to make thinking better
-Critical thinking comprises three interlinking dimensions - -1. Analyzing
one's own thinking- breaking it down into its component parts.
2. Evaluating one's own thinking- identifying its weaknesses while
recognizing its strengths.
3. Improving one's own thinking- reconstructing it to make it better.
-What are two barriers native to everyone? - -egocentrism & sociocentrism
-What is egocentrism? - -The tendency to view everything in relationship to
oneself
An innate human trait
Rigidity of thought
-What is sociocentrism? - -The assumption that one's own social group is
inherently superior to all others
-What is first-order thinking? - -Ordinary Thinking
1. Spontaneous and non-reflective
2. Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
3. Indiscriminately combined
-What is second-order thinking? - -Critical Thinking
First-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and
reconstructed)
-What is weak-sense critical thinking? - -Thinkers ignore the flaws in their
own thinking and often seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery
and deceit
-What is strong-sense critical thinking? - -Thinkers strive to be ethical and
empathize with others' viewpoints. They will entertain arguments with which
, they do not agree and change their views when confronted with superior
reasoning
-What are the defining traits of critical thinkers? - -1. Intellectual Humility
2. Intellectual Courage
3. intellectual Empathy
4. Intellectual Integrity
5. Intellectual Perseverance
6. Confidence in Reasoning
7. Intellectual Autonomy
-Characterization of Intellectual Humility - -Aware of the limitations of one's
viewpoint
-Characterization of Intellectual Courage - -Confronting ideas, viewpoints, or
beliefs with fairness, even when doing so is painful
-Characterization of Intellectual Empathy - -Inhabiting the perspectives of
others in order to genuinely understand them
-Characterization of Intellectual Integrity - -Holding oneself to the same
rigorous intellectual standards that one expects others to meet
-Characterization of Intellectual Perseverance - -Not giving up when
confronted by complicated problems that don't lend themselves to easy
solutions
-Characterization of Confidence in Reasoning - -Encourages people to arrive
at their own conclusions through their own powers of rational thinking
-Characterization of Intellectual Autonomy - -Thinking for oneself while
adhering to standards of rationality
-What are some ways to improve your thinking? - -1. Use 'wasted' time
2. Handle one problem per day
3. Internalize intellectual standards
4. Keep an intellectual journal
5. Practice intellectual strategies
6. Reshape your character
7. Deal with your ego
8. Redefine the way you see things
9. Get in touch with your emotions
10. Analyze group influences on your life
-Three functions of the Mind - -1. Thinking - Makes sense of the world ex.
judging, analyzing
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