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Summary Chapter 3 Cell Structure I Seeley's Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition I Johmel De Ocampo

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This text discusses cell structure and function. Some key points: • Cells are the basic unit of life and consist of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. The nucleus contains DNA which controls cell activity. The cytoplasm contains organelles that perform specific functions. • The plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Molecules can move across the membrane through passive diffusion, osmosis, or active carrier-mediated transport using protein channels and carrier molecules. • Organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and mitochondria help carry out specific functions within the cell like protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, waste digestion, and ATP production. • Genetic information in DNA is expressed through transcription and translation. Transcription copies DNA into mRNA which is then translated into proteins by ribosomes. • Cells replicate through the cell cycle and mitosis. During interphase, the cell grows and DNA replicates. Mitosis then divides the cell into two identical daughter cells. • Cells become specialized through differentiation where different genes are activated in different cell types. Apoptosis and aging lead to cell deterioration and death over time due to factors like DNA damage and free radical accumulation.

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Chap

CE
STRUC
SEELEY'S ESSENTIALS

, CELL STR
The cell is the basic livin

CELL
The simplest organisms consist of single
cells, whereas humans are composed of
multiple cells.
An average-sized cell is one-fifth the size
of the smallest dot you can make on a
sheet of paper with a sharp pencil!
Cell was discovered in late 1600’s by
Robert Hooke through dead plant.
Cells was named after the long rows of
monk’s rooms (or cells) at the monastery.

, CELL STR
FUNCTIONS O
Cells are the smallest units that have all the
perform several important functions:

Cell metabolism and energy use.
The chemical reactions that occur with
metabolism. Energy released during m
the synthesis of new molecules, muscle
helps maintain body temperature.
Synthesis of molecules.
Cells synthesize various types of molec
lipids. The different cells of the body d
Therefore, the structural and functiona
by the types of molecules they produce
Communication.

, CELL STR
Plasma
Membrane


Also known as CELL
MEMBRANE.
The outermost component of
a cell.
A fragile, transparent barrier
that contains the cell
contents and separates them
from the surrounding
environment.

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Chapter 3
Uploaded on
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Number of pages
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Written in
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