Anthropology 101- Unit 1 Test Questions with Complete Solutions Rated A+

J.B. Lamarck - Proposed first theory of macro-evolution; wrote Philosophie Zoologie; believed in evolution; proposed a mechanism- inheritance of acquired traits Cuvier - Gregor Mendel - an Augustinian monk who experimented with pea plants; discovered individual (discrete) units of hereditary ( genes) Charles Darwin - proposed the theory of natural selection Leslie White - Critique of Boas; championed evolutionist orientation; focus on technology/internal process; "culture evolves as the amount of energy harnessed increases," or "as the efficiency of the instrumental means of harnessing increases" T. Malthus - "On the Principle of Population;" unrestrained population growth; struggle for existence ( provided a mechanism of selection for Darwin) C. Lyell - "Father of Geology;" rejected Catastrophism of Cuvier; proposed principle of Uniformitarianism (provides sufficient time for evolution to work) C. Linnaeus - published Systema Naturae; classification of plants and animals ( genus, species,etc) according to common traits A.R. Wallace - had the same idea as Darwin ( whilst high on Opium); prompted D to publish F. Boaz - "Father of American Anthropology;" rejected evolutionism and race and the comparative method, rejected theory development; was only an empiricist; anthropologists should just collect data- no generallizing E.B Tylor - All cultures evolve through common stages ( savagery, barbarism, and civilization); progress possible for all Karl Popper - philosopher of science; "the fallacy of affirming the consequent" ( all swans are white?)