FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM 2023 QUESTIONS AND
COMPLETE ANSWERS- GRADED A+
From the atmosphere, what structures does air pass through during ventilation? -
ANSWER Starts in atmosphere, then nose, nasopharyngeal space/orophargyneal
space (if mouth breather), then pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli
What is the purpose of the nasal passages and nasopharynx? - ANSWER To
warm/humidify air as it passes through
What is the difference between respiration and ventilation? - ANSWER
Respiration refers to the exchange of gases in the alveoli, ventilation refers to the
movement of air into the lungs. Respiration is needed to provide O2 to cells and
remove waste products. Also regulates pH of blood.
What are the structures of the upper airway? - ANSWER nose, mouth, tongue,
jaw, pharynx and larynx
What structure is considered a landmark that divides the upper airway from lower?
- ANSWER The larynx, anything above is upper. The larynx and below are
lower.
What are the structures of the lower airways? - ANSWER larynx (includes
adam's apple/thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage), trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
,FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM 2023 QUESTIONS AND
COMPLETE ANSWERS- GRADED A+
Describe the anatomy of the larynx. - ANSWER From superior to inferior.
Thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, and cricoid membrane. The thyroid
cartilage and cricoid cartilage are anterior to the larynx, and the cricothyroid
membrane is posterior to both structures.
True or false: the lungs are completely equal in the midsaggital plane. - ANSWER
False, right lungs has 3 lobes, left lung only has 2 lobes. Together they have 5
total. Also, the right bronchi is inferior to the left bronchi.
What are the structures of the lungs in order of ventilation? - ANSWER
bronchioles, and alveoli
True or false: the lungs use muscles found in the lateral lobes to expand and
contract? - ANSWER False: the lungs are hollow organs and contain no
muscles. When the diaphragm contracts it expands the thoracic cavity. The pleural
space has a negative pressure and the lungs expand. This results in a slightly
negative pressure (compared to the atmosphere) and air rushes in.
True or false: Air rushes into the lungs because of negative pressure. - ANSWER
True, when the lungs expand, they are creating a vacuum because they are
expanding the volume of the container. This increase in volume causes influx of air
into the container until the pressure is equalized with the atmosphere.
True or false: The parietal pleura lines the lungs and the visceral pleura lines the
lungs. The space between is called the anterior pleura. - ANSWER False: the
visceral pleura lines the lungs, the parietal pleura lines the body cavity and the
, FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM 2023 QUESTIONS AND
COMPLETE ANSWERS- GRADED A+
pleural space is the space in between both where body fluid allows for both to
smoothly glide.
What muscles are involved in inhalation? - ANSWER The diaphragm, cervical
muscles (neck), intercostals, abdominal muscles, and pectoral muscles.
What muscles are involved in expiration? - ANSWER none, expiration (if done
passively) is achieved by the relaxation of the diaphragm.
What is the primary driver of respiration? (Why would we increase/decrease RR?) -
ANSWER The CSF in the brain has chemoreceptors sensitive to CO2. When
there is too much CO2. The pH changes. These sensors feed back to the medulla
oblongata, which stimulates the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm.
They cause an increase in activity of the diaphragm. This increases the RR which
causes us to increase tidal volume. This means more CO2 is exhaled. And brings
our pH back to normal.
We also have the less sensitive hypoxic drive
What is hypoxic drive? - ANSWER Backup system to control respiration.
Chemoreceptors in brain, aorta, and carotid arteries. But they are "satisfied" by a
small amount of O2, which means it is not as sensitive as pH control of CO2
