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WGU C952 Test questions with correct answers
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Exam of 21 pages for the course wgu at wgu (WGU C952 Test)
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WGU C952Register File - answerA state element that consists of a set of registers that can be read
and written by supplying a register number to be accessed.
provides 1024 scalar 32-bit registers for up to 64 threads.
machine language - answerThe language made up of binary-coded instructions that is
used directly by the computer
system software - answerThe set of programs that enables a computer's hardware
devices and application software to work together; it includes the operating system and
utility programs.
operating system - answer(computer science) software that controls the execution of
computer programs and may provide various services
Assembly Language - answerProgramming language that has the same structure and
set of commands as machine languages but allows programmers to use symbolic
representations of numeric machine code.
IBM 360/91 - answerIntroduced many new concepts, including dynamic detection of
memory hazards, generalized forwarding, and reservation stations. Tomasulo's
algorithm
The internal organization of the 360/91 shares many features with the Pentium III and
Pentium 4, as well as with several other microprocessors. One major difference was
that there was no branch prediction in the 360/91 and hence no speculation. Another
major difference was that there was no commit unit, so once the instructions finished
execution, they updated the registers.
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) - answerMemory built as an integrated
circuit; it provides random access to any location. Access times are 50 nanoseconds
and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $5 to $10.
Multiple DRAMs are used together to contain the instructions and data of a program. In
contrast to sequential access memories, such as magnetic tapes, the RAM portion of
the term DRAM means that memory accesses take basically the same amount of time
no matter what portion of the memory is read.
,Modern DRAMS consist of rows in each bank
frame buffering - answerA portion of RAM containing a bitmap that drives a video
display. It is a memory buffer containing a complete frame of data.
The image to be represented onscreen is stored in the frame buffer, and the bit pattern
per pixel is read out to the graphics display at the refresh rate. The animation below
shows a frame buffer with a simplified design of just 4 bits per pixel.
Datapath - answerThe component of the processor that performs arithmetic operations
Control - answerThe component of the processor that commands the datapath,
memory, and I/O devices according to the instructions of the program.
Integrated circuit - answerAlso called a chip. A device combining dozens to millions of
transistors.
Central processor unit (CPU) - answerAlso called processor. The active part of the
computer, which contains the datapath and control and which adds numbers, tests
numbers, signals I/O devices to activate, and so on.
Static random access memory (SRAM) - answerAlso memory built as an integrated
circuit, but faster and less dense than DRAM.
Instruction set architecture - answerAlso called architecture. An abstract interface
between the hardware and the lowest-level software that encompasses all the
information necessary to write a machine language program that will run correctly,
including instructions, registers, memory access, I/O, and so on.
Application binary interface (ABI) - answerThe user portion of the instruction set plus the
operating system interfaces used by application programmers. It defines a standard for
binary portability across computers.
Volatile memory - answerStorage, such as DRAM, that retains data only if it is receiving
power.
Nonvolatile Memory - answerA form of memory that retains data even in the absence of
a power source and that is used to store programs between runs. A DVD disk is
nonvolatile.
Magnetic disk - answerAlso called hard disk. A form of nonvolatile secondary memory
composed of rotating platters coated with a magnetic recording material. Because they
are rotating mechanical devices, access times are about 5 to 20 milliseconds and cost
per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.05 to $0.10
, Main memory - answerAlso called primary memory. Memory used to hold programs
while they are running; typically consists of DRAM in today's computers.
Secondary memory - answerNonvolatile memory used to store programs and data
between runs; typically consists of flash memory in PMDs and magnetic disks in
servers.
Flash memory - answerA nonvolatile semiconductor memory. It is cheaper and slower
than DRAM but more expensive per bit and faster than magnetic disks. Access times
are about 5 to 50 microseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.75 to $1.00.
Single Instruction Single Data (SISD) - answerA uniprocessor
Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) - answerA multiprocessor.
Single Program, Multiple Data Streams (SPMD) - answerThe conventional MIMD
programming model, where a single program runs across all processors.
Single Instruction Stream, Multiple Data Streams (SIMD) - answerThe same instruction
is applied to many data streams, as in a vector processor.
Data-level parallelism - answerParallelism achieved by performing the same operation
on independent data
vector-based code - answer
conventional code - answer
LEGv8 - answerassembly instructions
multimedia extensions (MMX) - answerAn expanded set of instructions supported by a
processor that provides multimedia-specific functions.
data hazard (pipeline data hazard) - answerWhen a planned instruction cannot execute
in the proper clock cycle because data that is needed to execute the instruction are not
yet available.
forwarding (bypassing) - answerA method of resolving a data hazard by retrieving the
missing data element from internal buffers rather than waiting for it to arrive from
programmer-visible registers or memory
Structural hazard - answerWhen a planned instruction cannot execute in the proper
clock cycle because the hardware does not support the combination of instructions that
are set to execute.
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