Geriatrics Quiz With Correct Answers

Geriatrics Quiz Gerontology - ANS the study of the affects of time on human development Gerontological Nursing - ANS nursing for older adults, was considered inferior, paid less, experiences with older adults were inadequate with both quality and quality, attention focused on the sick rather than the well Geriatrics - ANS study of older ill patients Mortality - ANS death Morbidity - ANS illness Co Morbidities - ANS simultaneous presence of chronic illness which results in limited ADL's and IADL's Standards - ANS evidence based expectation of care that serves as a model against which practice is judged, reflect level and expectation of care Competencies - ANS knowledge, skills, and attitudes that you need to know to provide safe care Increased Life Expectancy - ANS due to advances in science, health promotion and prevention, screenings, vaccines, immunizations, antibiotics, education, better quality of life, improved sanitation Competencies of the Gerontological Nurse - ANS differences in aging, assess physical mental social spiritual and emotional status, engage in all aspects of care, individualize care, identify and reduce risks, advocate for patient rights, education, facilitate/honor advanced directives Factors that Influence Aging - ANS smoking, alcohol, stress, diet, sun, sleep, genetics, and exercise Principles of Nursing Practice - ANS aging is a natural process, various factors influence aging, identifying common needs, promoting optimal health Aging - ANS a natural experience, not a pathologial process Successful Aging - ANS able to do what you want to do, active engagement, high cognitive and physical function, low burden of death, goal oriented, no smoking or alcohol, weight maintenance Older Adults - ANS age 65 and older Young Old - ANS 60-74 Old Old - ANS 75 to 100 Centenarians - ANS over 100 Chronological Age - ANS years a person has lived since birth Functional Age - ANS physical, psychological and social function, how adults feel and function, how adults feel and function may be more indicative of their needs than chronological age Percieved Age - ANS how people estimate age based on appearance Age Identity - ANS how people feel or percieve their own age 2030 - ANS older adults will represent 20% of the US because of baby boomers Life Expectancy of Blacks - ANS has declined due to homicide and acquired immunodeficiencies widening the gaps between blacks and whites Medicaire - ANS passed in 1965 as Title 18 of the Social Security Act, a health insurance problem for older adults who are eligible for social security benefits, everyone automatically enrolls at age 65, must have worked 10 years Medicaire Part A - ANS covers hospital and physician services with very limited skilled home health and nursing services, preventive services and non skilled care are not covered, co pays and dedeuctibles for most services, does not cover custodial nursing home care Medicaire Part B - ANS physician and nursing services, x rays, lab/diagnostic tests, vaccinations, blood transfusions, renal dialysis, outpatient hospital procedures, limited ambulance transportation, immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy, hormonal treatments, durable equipment, prosthetic devices, glasses after contact surgery, oxygen for human use, must pay premium, premium deducted from monthly social security Medicaire Part D - ANS private insurance companies that include prescription drug benefits, there is a deductible, pay up to deductible for prescriptions, medicaire covers a portion and you pay the difference once the limit is reached you pay out of pocket Medicaid - ANS health insurance program for the poor of any age developed in 1965, federally and state funded, guidelines determined by each state ERSD - ANS end stage renal disease Long Term Care Insurance - ANS anyone can purchase this covers homecare, respite, adult day care, nursing home care, assisted living, other services, policies are expensive Acute Illness - ANS not typically acquired, lower death rate, require longer periods of recovery and more complications Chronic Illness - ANS major problem for older adults, most have at least 1 Older Minorities - ANS have lower levels of health and function and when in need of quality service, they reside in facilities that have poor quality of care Baby Boomers - ANS born between 1946 and 1964, higher incomes, favor casual dress, enamored with high tech products, scarcer leisure time, exercise frequently, most will not likely be satisfied with todays nursing homes Gerontological Nurses - ANS must assume leadership, developing cost effective methods of care delivery that do not compromise quality service Diversity in Older Adults - ANS can be in terms of health status, cultural background, lifestyle, living arrangement, socioeconomic status, Social Security - ANS founded in 1935, provided to adults over age 65 with the opportunity to independently purchase room and board in nursing homes, basedon on income, the longer you work the more money you get, Meta Analysis - ANS process of analyzing and compiling the results of published research studies on a specific topic Cost Analysis - ANS reporting cost related data gathered on outcomes to make comparisons Benchmarking - ANS compairing the results of one facility to the results of another facility similar to it State of Federal Regulations - ANS outline minimum standards of practice for various health care workers Joint Commission - ANS develop standards for various clinical settings that strive to maximize attainable performance levels ANA Scope and Standards of Practice - ANS developed by and for gerontological nursing Assessment - ANS collecting comprehensive data Diagnosis - ANS analyzes assessment data to determine diagnosis/issues Outcome Identification - ANS identifies expected outcomes Planning - ANS come up with a plan to attain outcomes Implementation - ANS implements plan into action Coordination of Care - ANS coordinates care delivery Health Promotion - ANS employ strategies to promote health and a safe environment Consultation - ANS influence plan, enhance abilities of others, effect change Prescriptive Authority and Treatment - ANS use prescriptive authority procedures, referrals and treatments in accordance with state laws Evaluation - ANS evaluate progress toward expected outcomes Malnourishment - ANS can hasten the ill effects of the aging process as can exposure to environmental toxins, diseases, and stress Nursing Process - ANS provides a systemic approach to the delivery of nursing care and integrates a wide range of knowledge and skills Physiological Balance - ANS respiration, circulation, nutrition, hydration, elimination, movement, rest, comfort, immunity and risk reduction Self Care Theory - ANS maximizing independence, strengthening individuals self care capacity, eliminating or minimizing self care limitations, providing direct services when demands cannot be met individually Healer - ANS early emphasis on nurturance, comfort, empathy, and intuition, recognize the interdependency of body, mind, and spirit in nursing, help patients stay well, overcome or cope with disease, restore function for meaning and purpose Holistic Approach - ANS recognizes that older individuals must be viewed in the context of their biological, emotional, social, cultural, and spiritual elements Caregivers - ANS nurses care for older adults, active participation to promote self care, do not rob independence, care based on sound knowledge, care based on unique needs Educator - ANS teaching how to interpret and compare various patterns to enable them to make informed decisions, effective communication Advocate - ANS aiding the older adults in asserting their rights and obtaining required skills to affect change achieve benefits Innovator - ANS assumes an inquisitive style, makes conscious decisions and effort to experiment for an end result improving practice Chronic Conditions in Older Adults - ANS arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, diabetes Ageism - ANS discrimination against people because of increasing age Promoting Adult Learning - ANS pt ready to learn, physically well enough to be taught, face pt, speak slowly, give pt time to respond, comfortable setting, minimal distractions, multiple cues and feedback, past experience Stochastic Theories - ANS view aging as the result of random cellular drainage that occurs over time Non Stochastic Theories - ANS view aging as the result of genetically programmed physiological mechanisms within the body that control the process of aging Disengagement Theory - ANS aging individuals withdraw from customary roles and engage in introspective, self focused activities Activity Theory - ANS considers the continuation of activities performed during middle age as necessary for successful aging Genetics - ANS genes determine life expectancy Developmental Theory - ANS personality remains stable and behavior becomes predictable as people age Selection of a Nursing Center - ANS visit it, does it feel like home, privacy respected, medicaire and medicaid certified, good staff, quality care of ADL's, families always welcome, clean, staff attentive to resident requests Implications for Practice - ANS use cultural interpreters, appropriate hand gestures, ask how they wish to be addressed, respect cultural beliefs, use a pain rating scale Hospital - ANS older adults suffer from chronic dehydration exacerbated by acute illness, not all older adults have fevers with infection increased respiratory rates falls or incontinence Nursing Home - ANS look for nonverbal cues, resistance to care, decline in functional ability, less muscle mass, urinary or fecal incontinence Mycordial Infarction Symptoms - ANS increased shortness of breath, confusion, loss of appetite, anxiety and depression Fatigue - ANS can be signs of anemia, thyroid problems, depression, neuro or cardiac problems, constipation, cramping, sensations, changes in bowel habits Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms - ANS confusion, incontinence, elevation of body temp, pneumonia, tachycardia, tachypnea, confusion, and decreased appetite Dehydration - ANS common in the older adults due to decreased oral intake related to reduced thirst response and less free water as a consequence of a decrease in muscle mass Decrease in Appetite - ANS common symptom of pneumonia, heart failure, and UTI's Factors that Hinder AD's - ANS cultural values, religous beliefs, family support systems Patient Self Determination Act of 1990 - ANS provide written info to each client regarding the right to make decisions, accept or refuse, and create advanced directives asking if the client has completed an AD and document response in medical record provide staff education or issues concerning AD's ensure compliance with requirements of state laws, not to condition or discriminate based on AD's Goal of PSDA - ANS acknowledge patients rights to refuse or accept treatment empowering the patient by safegaurding auonomy, protection against maltreatment, fostering communication with health care professionals DNR - ANS ANA states that resuscitative efforts occur only in the event of a cardiopulmonary arrest and should not influence other therapeutic interventions such as vasopressors, antibiotics, artificial nutrients, and hydration of incubation times Living Will - ANS a legal document which enables a person to provide specific instructions regarding health care wishes in the event that he or she becomes unable to communicate, refers to only withholding or withdrawing care, applies only when you are unable to speak for oneself 5 Major Reasons AD's are not completed - ANS patients need more info, never heard of AD's, never been spoken to about it, would rather have the provider make the decision for them, haven't gotten around to it 5 Legal Barriers to completion of AD's - ANS poor readability, health care agent restrictions, execution requirements, inadequate reprocity and religious/cultural inadequacies Supplemental Security Income - ANS government giving you more money to meet your basic needs after given your social security CMS - ANS center for medicaid and medicaire services Older American Act - ANS pays for senior centers, flu clinics, legal assistance, home delivered meals, encourages and assists state agencies to develop and implement coordinated services to serve older adults, PACE - ANS providers of all inclusive care for elders, adult day service that provides all inclusive care becoming in place of medicare Long Term Care Insurance - ANS pay premium, may be expensive, advise older adults to read carefully, covers expenses related to custodial care, copays for nursing homes, and home care Envrionmental Fit - ANS ingestion of pathogens can cause pathological changes Wear and Tear - ANS aging is attributed to the repeated use over time, body functions less and less with prolonged usage Ericksons - ANS 8 stages, infancy to late adult hood, 65+ ego integrity vs. despair, productivity slows, leave the work force, successful life or guilt acceptance of death, did I lead a meaningful life Gerotranscendence - ANS human development, lifelong process, positive aging more likely to just be themselves, do what makes them happy, care less about the physical stuff Cross Linkage - ANS increasing age, skin loses elasticity/blood vessels, more complications for injury, things stick together that shouldn't stick together Free Radical Theory - ANS organisms age due to free radicals, atoms with +/- charge cellular breakdown, cause age spots, antioxidants help the body get rid of free radicals Ethics - ANS morals and values, ethical dilemmas, situation in which two choices have to be made and both are not great answers Competency - ANS legal determination by a judge as to mental disability or incapacity, whether a person is legally fit and qualified to give testimony or execute legal documents Informed Consent - ANS can make a choice, understands and appreciates the issues, make a stable and coherent decision Advanced Directive - ANS the direction I want you to go in if I am not able to make my own decisions Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care - ANS gaurdian, conservator, proxy, health care agent, can be revoked orally or in writing, must be signed and dated by at least 2 witnesses MOLST - ANS Medical Orders For Life Sustaining Treatment Bioethics - ANS application of ethics to matters of life and death Ethical Dilemma - ANS a difficult problem seemingly incapable of satisfactory solution, situation involving two equally unsatisfactory alternatives Autonomy - ANS right to self determination, independence, and freedom Beneficence - ANS duty to act for the benefit of others, doing good Justice - ANS obligation to be fair to all people Veracity - ANS honesty Non Maleficence - ANS do no harm, protect patient from harm if they cannot protect themselves