CPEN Practice Exam TEST MOD 004 with Actual Questions &
Answers 2023/2024 GRADED A+
Pediatric Age Categories correct answers Newborns and infants: birth to 1 year
Toddlers: 1-3 years
Preschool: 3-6 years
School age: 6-12 years
Adolescent: 12-18 years
Normal pulse rate ranges correct answers Pediatric pulse rates
Newborns: 120-160/minute
Adolescents: 60-105/minute
Normal respiration rate ranges correct answers From 30-50/minute in newborns
to 12-20/minute in adolescents
Normal blood pressure ranges correct answers average 99/65 in preschoolers
to average 114/76 in adolescents.
Consider a Child's head size correct answers A child's head is proportionately larger than an adult's until
age 4. Because of this, children often fall head first. As a result you should suspect head injury whenever
there is a serious MOI. Up to 12-18 months infants will have a soft spot just to the anterior center of the
skull called the anterior fontanelle. A sunken fontanelle may indicate dehydration and a bulging
fontanelle may indicate elevated intercranial pressure.
Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) correct answers is a method of pediatric assessment from two
viewpoints. The first is the general impression formed as you approach the child, often referred to as an
assessment "from the doorway." The second is the impression based on the remainder of the primary
assessment that is done next to the patient. Each of the three sides of the triangle represents a different
patient presentation that should be evaluated:
• Appearance
• Work of breathing
• Circulation to skin
Appearance correct answers For the first side of the triangle, look at the patient's appearance. Consider
the child's mental status using the "AV" part of AVPU (alertness, verbal response). Is the child acting
appropriately? How is the patient's muscle tone and general interactiveness? Is the child
consolable by a parent or caregiver? Is his look or gaze and speech or cry appropriate? For appearance,
you look at mental status us-
ing the "PU" part of AVPU (response to pain or unresponsiveness).
WOB correct answers For the second side of the triangle, observe the patient's breathing (including
airway). Are there any abnormal airway/breathing sounds such as hoarseness, muffled speech, grunting,
wheezing, stridor, or crowing? Is there any abnormal body position such as the sniffing
position, tripoding, or refusing to lie down? Are there retractions, nasal flaring, "seesaw" breathing, or
head bobbing? For breathing, you start by ensuring that the airway is open and closely observing the
quality of the patient's breathing.
,Circulation to skin correct answers For the base of the triangle, look at those signs that might indicate a
circulation problem, such as pallor, mottling, or cyanosis (a gray-blue coloration). For circulation, you
check for pulse, subtle cyanosis, and capillary refill.
Croup danger zone correct answers The time period that Croup is most found in pediatrics. 6 months to
4 years
croup correct answers Lung Sounds that is a high pitched seal bark sound. Viral Illness that causes
inflammation of the upper airway and bronchi.
"Blow-By" Technique correct answers Holding, or having a parent hold, the oxygen tubing or the
pediatric nonrebreather mask 2 inches from the patient's face so that the oxygen will pass over the face
and be inhaled. Typically used for infants and children that fear the oxygen mask.
Adolescent correct answers 12 to 18 years of age.
Child correct answers 1 year of age to puberty.
Epiglottitis correct answers Caused by a bacterial infection that produces swelling of the epiglottis and
partial airway obstruction. Should be suspected in any child with stridor.
Fever correct answers An illness usually accompanied by infections. Above-normal body temperature is
one of the most important signs of an existing acute illness.
Fontanelle correct answers A soft spot on an infant's anterior scalp formed by the joining of not yet
fused bones of the skull. Sunken: may indicate dehydration. Bulging: May indicate elevated intracranial
pressure.
Forms of Child Abuse correct answers Psychological (emotional) abuse, Neglect, Physical Abuse, Sexual
Abuse
Gastronomy Tubes correct answers Tubes placed through the abdominal wall directly into the stomach,
used when a patient is not able to be orally fed.
Hyperextension/Flexion of the Neck correct answers Tipping the head too far back or letting it fall
forward.
Infant correct answers Birth to 1 year of age.
Lower Airway correct answers Begins at the opening of the trachea and ends at the alveoli. Common
disorders affect the large and small bronchiole tubes and the alveoli themselves. Common disorders
include asthma, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections. Typically cause difficulty
breathing/wheezing lung sounds.
Meningitis correct answers Potentially life-threatening infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord
(the meninges) Commonly seen in children 1 month to 5 years old.
, Neglect correct answers The failure of a caretaker to provide for basic needs, such as food, clothing, or
love.
Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) correct answers Method of pediatric assessment from both the
general impression formed as you approach the child ("from the doorway") and from the remainder of
the primary assessment. Triangle made up of appearance, work of breathing, and the circulation to skin.
Pediatric correct answers Of or pertaining to a patient who has yet to reach puberty.
Physical Abuse correct answers Abuse causing physical damage to the victim.
Preschool correct answers 3 to 6 years of age.
Psychological Abuse correct answers Emotionally harming a person by threatening, scaring, humiliating,
intimidating, isolating, insulting, or treating him or her as a child; also includes verbal abuse.
Retractions correct answers Pulling in of the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when breathing. This is
typically a sign of respiratory distress in the child.
School Age correct answers 6 to 12 years of age.
Seizures correct answers A sudden change in sensation, behavior, or movement. Most commonly caused
by a feven in infants and children.
Sexual Abuse correct answers Ranges from adults exposing themselves to children to sexual intercourse
or sexual torture. Often accompanied by physical or emotional injury.
Shunt correct answers A drainage device that runs from the brain to the abdomen to relieve excess
cerebrospinal fluid. Reservoirs will be on either side of the skull.
Toddlers correct answers 1 to 3 years of age.
Upper Airway correct answers Starts at the mouth and nose and ends at the trachea. Common disorders
affecting this area include foreign body obstructions, trauma, and swelling from burns and infections.
(Commonly identified by stridor or difficulty breathing)
In children and infants, their tongues are proportionally larger than the tongue of an adult. What is the
potential impact on assessment and care? correct answers tongue is more likely to partially obstruct the
airway
Children and infants have smaller airway structures, which could result in..... correct answers the airway
being more easily blocked.
The abundant secretions in children and infants can cause... correct answers a blocked airway
Decidous (baby) teeth in children and infants can be... correct answers easily dislodged, which could
block the airway
