PATHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 SOLVED 100%
CORRECT!!
palpebrae
eyelids
ptosis
eyelid weakness
what causes ptosis?
cranial nerve damage or horner's syndrome
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
what can cause blepharitis?
staphylococcus bacteria, dysfunctional glands
treatment for blepharitis?
antibiotic drops or ointment
hordeoulum
pain, redness, nodule like bump on the eyelid
hordeoulum primary cause
s. aureus infection
hordeoulum treatment
warm and moist compress
chalazion
chronic inflammation of a gland, PAINLESS nodule.
lacrimal system
production of tears that empty into nasal cavity
aqueous deficient
autoimmune conditions cause inability to produce tears
evaporative disorder of the lacrimal system
obstructed glands or cataracts. lids do not close.
treatment of evaporative disorder
artificial tears
dacrocystits
infection of the tear duct. antibiotics
pink eye
bacterial or viral infection
manifestations of pink eye
itching, photophobia sensitivity, burning, exudate
infectious conjunctivitis
bacteria, viruses, gonorrhea, herpes, chlamydia
bacterial conjunctivitis
antibiotics and ointment. n. gonorrhoeae most commonly in infants.
viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus. cool compress/artificial tears
chlamydia conjunctivitis
trachoma
, inclusion conjunctivitis
STI related
corneal trauma due to
contact lenses, increased intraocular pressure
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
herpes simplex keratitis
leading cause of corneal scarring. antiviral agents
varicella-zoster opthalmicus
10-25% of all shingles cases. HIGH DOSE antiviral drugs
acanthamoeba keratitis
protozoan living in contaminated waters. rare but serious
abnormal corneal deposits
usually calcium. CLOUDY.
uveitis
inflammation of the uveal tract
uveitis causes
autoimmune disorders, malignancy, pathogens
pupillary reflex should be
bilateral constriction
intraocular pressure is regulated by
aqueous humor
tonometry
measurement of intraocular pressure (GOLDMANN applanation tonometer)
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure. LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS
what causes glaucoma?
lesions obstruct aqueous flow. inflammation, tumor, trauma, etc.
glaucoma can be
primary, secondary, narrow angle, childhood, infantile
primary open angle glaucoma
most common. increase in intraocular pressure WITHOUT obstruction.
primary open angle glaucoma risk factors
over 40, family history, african descent, myopia, HTN, DM, migraines, sleep apnea,
corticosteroids
primary open angle glaucoma treatment
drugs or surgery
adrenergic antagonists / agonists
decrease aqueous humor production
prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
increase aqueous outflow
hyperopia
farsighted
myopia
nearsighted
myopia / hyperopia treatment
CORRECT!!
palpebrae
eyelids
ptosis
eyelid weakness
what causes ptosis?
cranial nerve damage or horner's syndrome
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
what can cause blepharitis?
staphylococcus bacteria, dysfunctional glands
treatment for blepharitis?
antibiotic drops or ointment
hordeoulum
pain, redness, nodule like bump on the eyelid
hordeoulum primary cause
s. aureus infection
hordeoulum treatment
warm and moist compress
chalazion
chronic inflammation of a gland, PAINLESS nodule.
lacrimal system
production of tears that empty into nasal cavity
aqueous deficient
autoimmune conditions cause inability to produce tears
evaporative disorder of the lacrimal system
obstructed glands or cataracts. lids do not close.
treatment of evaporative disorder
artificial tears
dacrocystits
infection of the tear duct. antibiotics
pink eye
bacterial or viral infection
manifestations of pink eye
itching, photophobia sensitivity, burning, exudate
infectious conjunctivitis
bacteria, viruses, gonorrhea, herpes, chlamydia
bacterial conjunctivitis
antibiotics and ointment. n. gonorrhoeae most commonly in infants.
viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus. cool compress/artificial tears
chlamydia conjunctivitis
trachoma
, inclusion conjunctivitis
STI related
corneal trauma due to
contact lenses, increased intraocular pressure
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
herpes simplex keratitis
leading cause of corneal scarring. antiviral agents
varicella-zoster opthalmicus
10-25% of all shingles cases. HIGH DOSE antiviral drugs
acanthamoeba keratitis
protozoan living in contaminated waters. rare but serious
abnormal corneal deposits
usually calcium. CLOUDY.
uveitis
inflammation of the uveal tract
uveitis causes
autoimmune disorders, malignancy, pathogens
pupillary reflex should be
bilateral constriction
intraocular pressure is regulated by
aqueous humor
tonometry
measurement of intraocular pressure (GOLDMANN applanation tonometer)
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure. LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS
what causes glaucoma?
lesions obstruct aqueous flow. inflammation, tumor, trauma, etc.
glaucoma can be
primary, secondary, narrow angle, childhood, infantile
primary open angle glaucoma
most common. increase in intraocular pressure WITHOUT obstruction.
primary open angle glaucoma risk factors
over 40, family history, african descent, myopia, HTN, DM, migraines, sleep apnea,
corticosteroids
primary open angle glaucoma treatment
drugs or surgery
adrenergic antagonists / agonists
decrease aqueous humor production
prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
increase aqueous outflow
hyperopia
farsighted
myopia
nearsighted
myopia / hyperopia treatment
