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CLTM Exam – Qs And As (Guaranteed Pass!)
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CLTM Exam – Qs And As (Guaranteed Pass!)In what ways can seizures be classified? ✔️Ans - Clinical and electrographic
features
What is the incidence of new-onset seizures? ✔️Ans - Approximately 80 per
100,000 per year
What euphemism has been frequently employed to avoid the term epilepsy?
✔️Ans - Seizure disorder
What is a simple partial seizure? ✔️Ans - Consciousness is preserved; the
person is alert, can respond to questions or commands, and can remember
what occurred during the seizure.
What is a complex partial seizure? ✔️Ans - Consciousness is altered or lost;
the ability to pay attention or respond to questions or commands is thus
impaired or lost.
What is a secondarily generalized seizure? ✔️Ans - Partial onset seizures
may progress to secondarily generalized seizures ultimately involve motor
activity on both sides of the body and can be difficult to distinguish from
primary generalized seizures.
What type of onset is a tonic-clonic seizure? ✔️Ans - Generalized or
Unknown
What type of seizure onset do automatisms occur with? ✔️Ans - Focal onset
w/ motor onset
What type of onset do Atonic seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal or generalized
What type of onset to clonic seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal or generalized
What type of onset do epileptic spasms have? ✔️Ans - Focal, generalized, or
unknown
What type of onset do hyperkinetic seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal
,What type of onset do myoclonic seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal or
generalized
What type of onset do Tonic seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal or generalized
What type of onset do autonomic seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal
What type of onset do behavior arrest seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal or
Unknown
What type of onset do Cognitive seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal
What type of onset do Emotional seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal
What type of onset do sensory seizures have? ✔️Ans - Focal
What type of onset do Tonic-Clonic seizures have? ✔️Ans - Generalized or
Unknown
What type of onset do Myoclonic-tonic-clonic seizures have? ✔️Ans -
Generalized
What type of onset do Myoclonic-atonic seizures have? ✔️Ans - Generalized
What type of onset do Typical Absence seizures have? ✔️Ans - Generalized
What type of onset do Atypical Absence seizures have? ✔️Ans - Generalized
What type of onset do Eyelid myoclonia seizures have? ✔️Ans - Generalized
What are complex partial seizures associated with? ✔️Ans - Loss of
consciousness
Do complex partial seizures spread to both sides of the brain? ✔️Ans - No
Where do the majority of complex partial seizures originate from? ✔️Ans -
Temporal lobe
,How long do complex partial seizures usually last? ✔️Ans - 15 seconds to 3
minutes
What type of seizure is Todd's paralysis associated with? ✔️Ans -
Secondarily Generalized Seizure
What is Todd's paralysis? ✔️Ans - Focal weakness on the side contralateral
to seizure onset
How long do focal to bilateral tonic clonic seizures typically last? ✔️Ans - 1-
3 minutes
What does an EEG show during a simple partial seizure? ✔️Ans - EEG may
be normal, or show quite localized or lateralized abnormal rhythmic activity.
What does an EEG show during complex partial seizures ✔️Ans - Rhythmic
activity, which is often bilateral
During secondarily generalized seizures what does the EEG show? ✔️Ans -
Rhythmic activity usually high amplitude, bilateral and diffuse, although it is
usually obscured by artifact from the abundant muscle activity
What are the major types of Generalized seizures (5)? ✔️Ans - Absence
Myoclonic
Atonic
Tonic
Tonic-Clonic
What are Absence (petit mal) seizures? ✔️Ans - Brief episodes, usually
lasting 3-20 seconds, of staring with impairment of awareness and
responsiveness.
What is a key feature to distinguish between absence and partial complex
seizures? ✔️Ans - The lack of a postictal period following an absence
seizure
At what age do Absence seizures usually begin? ✔️Ans - 4-14 years old
At what age do absence seizures usually resolve? ✔️Ans - 18 years old
, What is the EEG signature of absence epilepsy? ✔️Ans - Generalized 3 Hz
spike-wave discharge
At what age do Atypical Absence seizures begin? ✔️Ans - Usually before 6
years old
What type of absence seizures begin and end gradually? ✔️Ans - Atypical
Absence
Which type of Absence seizure is provoked by hyperventilation? ✔️Ans -
Typical Absence
Atypical absence seizures often occur in children with what? ✔️Ans - Global
cognitive impairment
What does the EEG show for an atypical absence seizure? ✔️Ans - Slow
spike-wave complexes
What other types of seizures often occur in patients with atypical absence
seizures? ✔️Ans - Tonic and Atonic
What are Myoclonic seizures? ✔️Ans - A brief, shock-like jerk of a muscle or
group of muscles
What is Benign myoclonus? ✔️Ans - A myoclonic jerk that occurs in healthy
people, often when falling asleep.
What does the EEG typically show during a Myoclonic seizure? ✔️Ans - A
polyspike-and-slow-wave discharge
What is a tonic seizure? ✔️Ans - Generalized onset, symmetric, tonic muscle
contraction of extremities with tonic flexion of waist and neck
How long does a tonic seizure normally last? ✔️Ans - 2-20 seconds
What does the EEG show during a tonic seizure? ✔️Ans - Sudden
attenuation with generalized low-voltage fast activity (most common) or
generalized polyspike-wave.
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