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Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 – Cardiovascular With Question and Verified Answers
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Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 – Cardiovascular With Question and Verified Answers What is the equation for cardiac output? Correct Answer: CO = HR x SV What is preload? Correct Answer: the heart is being stretched out What does preload reflect? Correct Answer: how much fluid is in the heart Wh...

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  • December 12, 2023
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Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 – Cardiovascular With Question
and Verified Answers
What is the equation for cardiac output? Correct Answer: CO = HR x SV


What is preload? Correct Answer: the heart is being stretched out


What does preload reflect? Correct Answer: how much fluid is in the heart


What is afterload? Correct Answer: resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject
blood


Example of increased preload Correct Answer: CHF


Example of increased afterload Correct Answer: hypertension


What is blood pressure? Correct Answer: force of blood against vessel walls


What is systolic blood pressure? Correct Answer: amount of pressure generated by the
left ventricle to distribute blood into the aorta with each CONTRACTION of the heart


What is diastolic blood pressure? Correct Answer: amount of pressure against the
arterial walls during RELAXATION of the heart


What is the equation for MAP? Correct Answer: 2(diastolic) + systolic / 3


What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? Correct Answer:
no less than 60


What is another name for orthostatic changes? Correct Answer: postural hypotension

, A decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic pressure
with an increase in heart rate Correct Answer: orthostatic change


How do you measure orthostatic changes? Correct Answer: Check blood pressure in
the following order: after laying supine for 3 minutes, after sitting for 1 minute and
standing **Keep cuff in same place**


What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic changes? Correct
Answer: fall


Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? Correct Answer: prolonged bed rest,
medications, dehydration, volume depletion, autonomic nervous system disorders


Cardiovascular assessment Correct Answer: general apperance, skin, weight, edema,
extremities, blood pressure


Markers of myocardial damage Correct Answer: troponin, creatinine kinase, CKMB,
myoglobin, serum lipids, homocystine levels


Normal lipid levels Correct Answer: Total cholesterol <200mg/dL, LDL (Cardiac pt)
<70/dL, LDL (Non-Cardiac pt) <130/, HDL >40mg/dL, Triglycerides <150mg/dL


Cardiac Diagnostic Tests Correct Answer: ECG, Echocardiogram, Cardiac
Catherization


Nursing considerations for cardiac catherization Correct Answer: informed consent,
patent IV, allergies to iodine or shellfish, NPO, height, weight, sensations from dye, post
procedure care (bed rest 6 hours, leg straight, assess vitals and pulse frequently)


What is a normal ejection fraction? Correct Answer: 55-65%

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