Robbins Chapter 2 Exam All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution
11 views 0 purchase
Course
Robbins Chapter 2
Institution
Robbins Chapter 2
Four aspects of a disease process - Etiology - cause
Pathogenesis- biochemical/molecular mechanisms of its development
Morphologic changes- structural alterations in cells/organ
Clinical manifestaions--functional conseqences of these changes
Adaptation - Reversible changes in the size, number, ...
Robbins Chapter 2 Four aspects of a disease process - ✔✔ Etiology - cause Pathogenesis - biochemical/molecular mechanisms of its development Morphologic changes - structural alterations in cells/organ Clinical manifestaions --functional conseqences of these changes Adaptation - ✔✔ Reversible changes in the size, number, phenotype, metabolic activity or functions of cells in response to change in their environment Hypertrophy --uterus in pregnancy Hyperplasia --endometrium from estrogen Atrophy --muscle disuse Metaplasia --goblet cells in barrett esophagus Hypertrophy - ✔✔ Increase in size of cells that results in increase in size of affected organ NO NEW CELLS, just larger ones Requires gene activation, protein synthesis and new organelles --increased production of cellular proteins Occurs in tissue incapable of cell divison Often in response to increased workload Atrial natriuertic factor - ✔✔ Expressed in embryonic heart and associated with cardiac hypertrophy Causes salt secretion by the kidney, decreases blood volume and pressure --reduces hemodynamic load Hyperplasia - ✔✔ An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue in response to a stimulus Occurs in tissues whose cells are able to divide or contain lots of tissue stem cells Physiologic hyperplasia - ✔✔ Due to hormones or growth factors To increase function or hormone sensitive organs (breasts at puberty) or to compensate after damage/resection (grow liver tissue or bone marrow) Pathologic hyperplasia - ✔✔ Excessive/inappropriate hormone or growth factor actions Hyperplasia of endometria l galnds if estorgen/progesterone levels are disturbed Benign prostate hyperplasia induced by androgens Resopnse to viral infections such as papillomaviruses --hyperplastic epithlium causes warts and lesions DISTINCT from cancer but makes cancer more lik ely Atrophy - ✔✔ Decreased in the size of an organ or tissue due to a decreas in cell size and number Associated with decreased synthesis of cellular building blocks and increased breakdown of cellular organelles Physiologic --loss of notochord/thyrogloss al duct during fetal development
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller PatrickKaylian. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
