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Bio 252 Final Exam Chamberlain LV 2023/2024 already graded A+
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Bio 252 Final Exam Chamberlain LV 2023/2024 already graded A+
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Bio 252 Final Exam Chamberlain LVMuscle Tissue Property: Electrical Excitability - ANSions are charged molecules that have
different concentrations between a semipermeable membrane
Muscular Tissue Property: Contractility - ANSthe ability to forcefully contract
Muscular Tissue Property: Extensibility - ANSthe ability to stretch
Muscular Tissue Property: Elasticity - ANSthe ability to return to your original shape
Microscopic Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber - ANS-each mature skeletal muscle fiber has
100+ nuclei
-once fusion has occurred the muscle fiber loses its ability to undergo cell division
-skeletal muscles are set before you are born and last a life time
Control of Muscle Tension: Sliding Filament Mechanism - ANS-myosin pulls on actin, causing
thin filament to slide forward
-consequently, Z discs move toward each other and the sarcomere shortens
-thanks to structural proteins, there is a transmission of force throughout the entire muscle
***Filaments do not change in length
Isotonic - ANStension is constant while muscle length changes
-concentric=picking up book
-eccentric=lowering book
Isometric - ANSmuscle contracts but does not change length
-holding a book out steady
actin - ANSDuring active muscle contraction, myosin heads bind to the protein
_______________.
calcium - ANS________________ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and plays a key
role in active muscle contraction
Functions of Skeletal System - ANS1. facillitating movement
2. generating heat (thermogenesis)
3. Storing glycogen
4. maintaining body posture
How individual muscle fibers generate ATP - ANS1. glycolysis (anaerobic respiration)
2. hydrolysis of creatine phosphate
, 3. krebs cycle/electron transport chain (aerobic respiration)
actin,myosin - ANSIn a given muscle fiber, the thin filaments are known as _____________, and
the thick filaments are known as _____________.
Components of Skeletal Muscle (Lg to Sm) - ANS1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Fascicle
3. Muscle Fiber (cell)
4. Myofibrol
5. Filaments
Sarcolemma - ANScell membrane of individual muscle cell
Origin - ANSthe attachment to the stationary bone (bone that does not move) Proximal
Insertion - ANSthe attachment to the movable bone (distal)
Fulcrum - ANSelbow joint
Effort - ANSamount of force
ex: contraction of biceps brachii
Load - ANSweight of object plus forearm (resistance)
(opposes movement)
Muscles of the thigh that move the femur, tibia and fibula:
Quadriceps Femoris = Four heads
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis
4. Vastus intermedius - ANSall four heads extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris muscle acting
alone also flexes thigh at hip joint
Muscles of the thigh that move the femur, tibia and fibula:
Sartorius - ANSweakly flexes leg out at knee joint; weakly flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates
thigh at hip joint
Muscles of the thigh that move the femur, tibia and fibula:
Hamstrings:
1. Biceps femoris
2. Semitendinosus
3. Semimembranosus - ANSflexes leg at knee joint and extends the thigh at hip joint
Muscles of the thigh that move the femur, tibia and fibula:
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