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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology - Ch. 3: Respiratory System 2023/2024 ( 100% verified)
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology - Ch. 3: Respiratory System 2023/2024 ( 100% verified)
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology -Ch. 3: Respiratory System
Two common complications of intubation and barotrauma are_________________ and
_______________ - ANSPneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum
The optimal location for a central venous catheter is where the brachiocephalic veins join to
form the - ANSSuperior Vena Cava
The most common complication associated with the Swan-Ganz catheter is ____________
distal to the catheter tip - ANSInfarction
Briefly describe why a lateral chest radiograph is very important for determining the correct
position of the tip of the electrode of a transvenous cardiac pacemaker - ANSTo ensure that the
tip is in the anterior portion of the right ventricle
Is a disease of newborns characterized by progressive under aeration of the lungs and a
granular appearance - ANSHyaline Membrane Disease
is a hereditary disease in which thick mucous is secreted by all the exocrine glands. -
ANSCystic Fibrosis
a viral infection causing inflammatory obstructive swelling of the subglottic portion of the trachea
is - ANSCroup
Haemophilus Influenzae most commonly causes - ANSepiglottitis
when inflammatory exudate replaces air in the alveoli causing the affected area of the lung to
appear radiopaque on the image, this is an example of - ANSAlveolar Pneumonia
A necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent or puslike material is called -
ANSLung Abscess
What radiographic procedure is often required to confirm the diagnosis of bronchiectasis when
the results of routine chest radiographs are inconclusive - ANSBronchography
Flattening of the domes of the diaphragm, increased AP diameter of the chest, and increased
lucency of the retrosternal air space are suggestive of a diagnosis of - ANSEmphysema
The three most common pneumoconiosis are - ANSSilicosis, asbestosis and anthracosis
,A granulomatous disease of unknown origin that usually affects women more than men and
African Americans more than whites, and whose presence is most often identified on screening
chest radiographs, is - ANSSarcoidosis
An abnormal vascular communication between a pulmonary artery and a pulmonary vein is
termed - ANSPulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula
What medical emergency has occurred when air continues to enter the pleural space and
cannot escape, leading to complete collapse of a lung and shift of the heart and mediastinal
structures - ANSTension Pneumothorax
Pus in the pleural space is called - ANSEmpyema
A lung inflammation caused by bacteria or viruses is called - ANSPneumonia
Name two common types of pulmonary mycoses - ANSHistoplasmosis and Coccidiodmycosis
For the radiographers safety, it is important to remember that tuberculosis is spread mainly by
___________ which produces infectious ___________ - ANScoughing and droplets
What medical term is used to describe the entry of air into the pleural space -
ANSPneumothorax
An increased volume of air in the lungs is seen in - ANSEmphysema
Inhalation of irritating dusts leading to chronic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis is called -
ANSPneumoconiosis
A malignant pleural neoplasm that results from asbestosis is - ANSMesothelioma
The trapping of bacteria in the pulmonary circulation that occurs in patients with a history of
intravenous drug abuse is called - ANSSeptic Embolism
Reduced air volume within a lung leading to collapse is termed - ANSAtelectasis
Why do intrabronchial foreign bodies occur more frequently in the lower right lung? - ANSLarger
and more vertical mainstem bronchi
Blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest can produce _________________, which appears as
streaks of air that outline muscles of the thorax and sometimes the neck. - ANSSubcutaneous
Emphysema
At what costal interspace does the diaphragm lie when the lungs are fully inflated - ANSTenth
,Air collecting behind the sternum and dissecting up into the soft tissue of the neck is called -
ANSMediastinal Emphysema (pneumomediastinum)
An accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, sometimes caused by heart failure or pulmonary
embolus, is called - ANSEffusion
What are the two major functions of the respiratory system ? - ANSoxygenation of blood and
removal of waste (CO2)
What does the lower respiratory system consist of? - ANStrachea, bronchi and bronchioles
The lower respiratory system is responsible for _________________ from the upper respiratory
system. - ANSconducting air
The tracheobronchial tree is lined with a _______________________. - ANSmucous membrane
What are the hair-like projections found with in the tracheobronchial tree? - ANScilia
What purpose does cilia serve? - ANSIt prevents dust and foreign particles from reaching the
lungs.
What can happen if cilia become damaged? - ANSWhen particles are allowed to enter the
respiratory system (because of damage) the foreign particles produce a disease process.
Where does external respiration take place? - ANSin the lung parenchyma (alveoli)
Explain the process of internal respiration: - ANSO2 attaches to hemoglobin molecules in red
blood cells and circulates to various tissues in the body.
During respiration which muscles are stimulated to contract? - ANSThe diaphragm and
intercostal muscles
What happens to the lungs when the muscles responsible for respiration contract? - ANSThey
expand and fill with air
Pulmonary circulation provides the ____________ with oxygenated blood. - ANSbody
What is the inner lining surrounding and attached to the lung wall called? - ANSvisceral pleura
Irregular thickening of linear chest markings due to excessively viscous mucus is the
radiographic appearance in what pathology? - ANSCystic fibrosis
Surfactant consists of lipoproteins and serves what purpose in the respiratory system? - ANSIt
provides the proper surface tension in the alveoli, allowing full external respiration.
, What types of images best demonstrate a rounded thickening of the epiglottic shadow and what
disease is characteristic of this? - ANSSoft tissue AP and lateral neck images; Epiglottitis
How are the various types of pneumonia characterized? - ANSby their cause and location in the
lung
How does a lung abscess appear? - ANSAs a spherical density with a hazy, poorly defined
periphery. May have air/fluid level
A bacterium that is rod-shaped with a waxy coat allowing it to live outside the body for an
extended time is? - ANSMycobacterium tuberculosis
Pulmonary infiltration(s), most commonly in the periphery of the parenchyma, that may resemble
pneumonia are the radiographic appearance of what? - ANSAcute coccidioidomycosis
Explain why respiratory syncytial virus is responsible for an increased rate of nosocomial
infections - ANSDue to the ability of the virus to persist on surfaces for many hours
Name some examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) - ANSemphysema,
chronic bronchitis, asthma
Bilateral, symmetrical hilar lymph node enlargement is the classic radiographic abnormality in
what disease? - ANSsarcoidosis
In this pathology, the lung reacts to occupational exposure of silica. What is the disease called
and what does it result in? - ANSIt's called silicosis and results in extensive fibrosis
Which disease causes peripheral atelectasis and pneumonitis as a result of bronchial
obstruction? - ANSbronchial adenoma
Describe an arteriovenous fistula: - ANSan abnormal vascular communication between the
pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein.
Breathing that supplies oxygen-rich air to the alveoli: - ANSinspiration
CO2 regulates the respiration center in the brain. What is this area known as? - ANSThe
medulla
cluster of alveoli: - ANSacinus
Consists of nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx: - ANSUpper respiratory system
Extremely thin walled sacs surrounded by blood capillaries: - ANSparenchyma
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