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Organic Reactions
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Classified Past Papers For IGCSE Chemistry 0620 Paper 2
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Classified Past Papers For IGCSE Chemistry 0620 Paper 2
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CHEMISTRY FLASH NOTESTOPIC= ALTERNATE TO PRACTICAL(ATP)
Mass is measured using a beam balance or
an electronic balance. Its SI unit is kg.
Time is measured using a digital or an
analog stopwatch. Its SI unit is seconds.
Temperature is measured using a digital
thermometer or the liquid in a glass
thermometer. Its SI unit is Kelvin.
Volume is measured using a pipette,
burette, measuring cylinder, or volumetric
flask. Its SI unit is liters.
COLLECTION OF GASES
Gases are collected based on their;
Density compared to air
Solubility in water.
1. Gases collected over water; this
method is used for gas that are
insoluble in water and not required to
, dry. For example, Hydrogen and
Oxygen.
2. Downward delivery method; this
method is used for gases denser than air
and soluble in water. For example,
chlorine, hydrogen chloride, etc.
3. Upward delivery method; this
method is used for gases less dense
than air and soluble in water. For
example, ammonia.
Generally, gas is considered to be less
dense than air if its Molecular mass is less
than 30.
DRYING GASES
Sometimes, we need to use a dry gas before
using it in an experiment. We can do this by
passing the gas through drying agents.
Some are;
1. Concentrated Sulfuric Acid; different
gases like hydrogen chloride and chlorine
, can be dried using concentrated H2SO4.
However, Ammonia cannot be dried using
this because Ammonia is alkaline in nature
and a neutralization reaction would occur.
2. Quicklime(Calcium Oxide); this can be
used to dry gases like Ammonia. A base can
be dried using a base.
3. Fused Calcium Chloride; fused CaCl2
means that its moisture has been removed
by heating. This method is used for drying
gases like Hydrogen.
SEPARATING TECHNIQUES
A mixture is made up of 2 or more
substances that are not chemically
combined.
A pure substance only one single element
or compound not mixed with any other
substance.
A solution consists one or more solute
dissolved in a solvent
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