NSCI 175 Exam 1 (2023) || All Questions & Answers (100% Verified)

NSCI 175 Exam 1 (2023) || All Questions & Answers (100% Verified) NSCI 175 Exam 1 (2023) || All Questions & Answers (100% Verified) Explain the Reductionist Approach - ANSWER - Breaking down the study of the brain into multiple components (Molecular, cellular, systems, behavioral, and cognitive) Compare different levels of analysis in neuroscience research - ANSWER - Molecular: The study of the brain at its most elementary level Cellular: Focuses on studying how all molecules work together to give neurons their special properties Systems: Constellations of neurons form complex circuits that perform a common function Behavioral: How do neural systems work together to produce integrated behaviors Cognitive: Studies how the activity of the brain creates the mind Describe the four essential steps in the scientific process - ANSWER - Observation Replication Interpretation Validation Explain the Importance of animal research in the field of neuroscience - ANSWER - Allows us to better experiment and study neural systems and the effects of diseases and drugs. Human and animal neural systems operate in many of the same ways Explain what Golgi and Cajal disagreed about - ANSWER - Golgi argued that ends of axons were fused together (Reticular Theory); Cajal argued that neurons communicated by contact, not continuity (Cell Theory) Explain the Neuron Doctrine - ANSWER - The idea that the cell theory applies to the brain; and that individual neurons communicate through contact, not continuity Explain how histological procedures contributed to the advancement of neuroscience - ANSWER - Nissl Stain: Helped distinguish between neurons and glia Golgi Stain: Helps differentiate between axons and dendrites Diagram a neuron and label its components - ANSWER - Neuronal Mambrane: Barrier that encloses the cytoplasm inside the neuron Cytoskeleton: scaffolding on which the neuronal membrane is draped Axon: threadlike extension of a neuron specialized for carrying nerve impulses away from the axon hillock Axon Hillock: Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell Soma: Spherical, central part of the axon that contains the nucleus and organelles Axon Terminal: End of an axon that contact with other neurons Synapse: Junction between the end of an axon and the next cell Dendrites: Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information Detail the ways in which neurons are specialized for communication - ANSWER - Myelination of axons, axons to communicate, neurotransmitters across the synapse, dendretic trees to receive information Describe the methods used to classify neurons* - ANSWER - Number of neurites, dendretic structure, connections, axon length, gene expression