ATI Pediatrics Nursing Care of Children Exam 1 Complete Solution 2023

What are some tips for pediatric medication administration? under 5 - difficulty swallowing tabs/capsules, crush tabs/capsules if possible, and mix in applesauce/juice but NOT breast milk How should you administer liquid medications? use syringes (most accurate), droppers, special spoons/bottle, but NOT tsp/tbsp; place liquids in the side of the mouth slowly, give with child's head facing away in case they spit it out What IM needle size should you use for newborns-2 months? 25 g; 0.5 ml or 5/8 inch long What IM needle size should you use for older infants/small children? small = 1 ml or 1 inch long; older = 2 ml What IM site is preferred for infants or newborns? vastus lateralis (outer thigh) What needle size should you use for toddlers/older children? 5/8 inch - 1 inch in deltoid or 1-1.25 inch in vastus lateralis When can you use the deltoid for injections? 18 months and older How do you give otic medications in kids? under 3 years = pull pinna down and back; over 3 years = pull pinna up and back How do you give a suppository in pediatrics? small colon; in under 3 years, use gloved 5th finger to administer lubricated suppository What are the PIV sites for infants? scalp when others cannot be obtained; point towards heartWhat sites should you avoid for PIVs? avoid using foot veins for walking child and using dominate hand (blanket hold/thumb sucks); can use padded arm board/gauze/tape for stability How often should you check pediatric IV sites? hourly What are pain scales for newborns and infants? FLACC - facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, and consolability (1-2 points for pain/0 for none) What is the visual analog scale? child points to where the pain is on the scale (looks like a thermometer) What is the oucher scale? child tells which face represents the pain at the moment What is the descriptive word scale? child chooses the word that describes the pain (mild, moderate, very bad, etc) What is a pain scale for older school age children and teens? numeric scale (1-10) When finding apical heart rate, how long should you listen to them? one minute with stethoscope; keep newborns wrapped and undisturbed how to do venipuncture in newborns? plantar surface of the heel for children under 1 yr; milking motion but first drop is contaminated (wipe with sterile gauze) What are some positioning for procedures? mummy restraint (wrap in blanket), injections - sitting on adult holding arms and leg; lumbar puncture - hold legs, back and arms to expose spine straight How to use a urine bag for collection in males and females?remove diaper and clean skin well, wash hands and apply clean gloves, clean genital area per policy, attach bag to skin with adhesive tabs, ensure tight seal, and check frequently for urine collection How do you perform I&Os on newborns? weigh diapers for sick only, record spit ups, weight diaper before and then after; 1 gram = 1 mL; count voids/BMs How do you weight an infant? platform scale, without clothes/diapers, keep hands near infant to prevent fall How to measure length in peds? no shoes, shoulders/butt/heels touch wall, outer canthus of eyes level with ear canals; for infants- mark on paper How to measure head circumference (HC)? until 2 years; measure above ears; expect 13-14" at birth How to measure chest circumference (CC)? just under axilla and at nipple line to closest 0.5 cm; until 1 year of age equal with HC then surpasses HC How to measure abdominal circumference? newborn - above umbilicus, should be smaller than head/chest circumference until 1 year