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CPHON Study Guide - Qs And As (Graded A+)
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CPHON Study Guide - Qs And As (Graded A+)
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CPHON Study Guide - Qs And As (Graded A+)What medications can relieve dyspnea in terminal patients? ✔️Ans -
Opioid drugs (oral and inhaled)
Scopalamine reduces secretions.
What is the purpose of a phase IV trial? ✔️Ans - To further investigate
the long term safety and efficacy of a treatment.
*Goal is to decrease long term side effects while providing acceptable cure
rates.
What does the Candlelighters organization do? ✔️Ans - Provide cancer
survivors with information and counsel on their legal rights.
What did the National Cancer Act of 1972 do? ✔️Ans - Started the "war
on cancer".
Gave the NIH more funding/strength for cancer research.
Which drugs are classified as hormones? ✔️Ans - dexamethasone
prednisone
hydrocortisone
Is fever an emergency for people with sickle cell disease? ✔️Ans - Yes,
ALWAYS.
Sickling will occur at a higher rate with fever.
What would indicate a good vs poor prognosis in leukemia? ✔️Ans -
Good = hyperdiploidy
Poor = positive for Philadelphia Chromosome (9;22)(q34; q11)
translocation.
What age group has the best prognosis in neuroblastoma? ✔️Ans - Less
than 12 months old.
Where is osteosarcoma most commonly found initially? ✔️Ans - The
long bones:
,tibia, femur, humerus
Why is rotationplasty pereferred surgically for osteosarcoma patients?
✔️Ans - Better functionality.
What are the causes and symptoms of posterior fossa syndrome? ✔️Ans
- Transient defecits after PF surgery. Present 24-48 hours after surgery
and last 2 - 6 months.
Speech disturbance, dysphagia, decreased motor function, emotional
lability, cranial nerve palsy.
What is the treatment for posterior fossa syndrome? ✔️Ans -
OT/PT/Speech
correct hydrocephalus
sometimes glucocorticoids
What is a classic clinical presentation of retinoblastoma? ✔️Ans -
Leukocoria "cat's eye reflex"
Caused by pressure on the retina.
What are the major toxicites of hormones? ✔️Ans - altered metabolic
function
decreased bone density
(/C)
Which drugs are classified as miscellaneous non-cell cycle specific agents?
✔️Ans - asparaginase
retinoids (atra, accutane)
(/C)
What type of pain do terminal children experience? ✔️Ans - disease
related (rapid onset)
bone/nerve (longer duration)
Name some symtoms seen with brain tumors. ✔️Ans - facial/cranial
nerve palsy
speech and swallowing difficulty
ataxia
, seizures
emotional/personality changes
What type of cancer is characterized by blue Reed-Sternberg cells? ✔️Ans
- Hodgkin's Disease
*cells look like owl eyes
What does the presence of Auer Rods in microscopic bone marrow reivew
indicate? ✔️Ans - That the patient has non-lymphacitic leukemia.
It's not ALL, usually AML or CML.
Looks like black rods in cells.
What do neutrophils do? ✔️Ans - Act as the first line of defense against
antigens.
Nonspecific.
What would be considered severe aplastic anemia? ✔️Ans - ANC <500
Platelets <20K
What long-term side effect can carmustine (BCNU) cause? ✔️Ans -
Pulmonary dysfunction.
How do you calculate absolute neutrophil count (ANC)? ✔️Ans -
(%bands+%segs)Xtotal WBC = ANC
What would you expect to see in a newly diagnosed Burkitt's Lymphoma
patient? ✔️Ans - Rapidly enlarging abdominal mass
Elevated LDH
What are some characteristics of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)?
✔️Ans - presentation with scaly red papules
causes breakdown in bony areas
What are some characteristics of immune thrombocytopenic purpura
(ITP)? ✔️Ans - Low platelets
presents with bruising, purpura, pettichiae, but RARELY BLEEDING
What are some presenting symptoms of Wilms Tumor? ✔️Ans -
Hematuria
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