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APHON EXAM – Questions With Solutions
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APHON EXAM – Questions With Solutions
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APHON EXAM – Questions With SolutionsHow does cancer start? ✔️Ans -with one cell; one genetic mutation
How are cyclins activated? ✔️Ans -When they are bound with a CDK
enzyme
What do cyclins do? ✔️Ans -stimulate the cell to go to the next phase
What do CDK inhibitors do? ✔️Ans -prevent damaged cells from replicating
What is apoptosis? ✔️Ans -programmed cell death
What is a natural cell death where the cell blebbs and is removed by
phagocytes? ✔️Ans -apoptosis
Do cancer cells have apoptosis? ✔️Ans -no
What is the primary reason multiple chemotherapy agents are used to treat
cancer? ✔️Ans -resistance to single chemotherapy agents can develop
Why do we use multiple chemotherapy agents? ✔️Ans -to overcome drug
resistance and give a broader range of coverage against naturally resistant
tumor cells
In the TNM staging system, what does the T stand for? ✔️Ans -primary
Tumor size
In the TNM staging system, what does the N stand for? ✔️Ans -presence or
absence of lymph Node involvement
In the TNM staging system, what does the M stand for? ✔️Ans -presence or
absence of distant Metastases
What is pharmacodynamics? ✔️Ans -the effect of the medication on the
body
What is pharmacokinetics? ✔️Ans -How the body affects the medication
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