Nonelectrolytes - Dissolves, does not dissociate
H2O
C12H22O11
C6H12O6
CH3OH
strong electrolytes - NaCl
Ca(OH)2
NH4
All ionics
weak electrolytes - NaC2H3O2 --> Na+ + C2H3O2-
HC2H3O2--> H+ + CH2COOH-
Solution temperature - The higher the temperature, the more the substance wil...
Nonelectrolytes - Dissolves, does not dissociate
H2O
C12H22O11
C6H12O6
CH3OH
strong electrolytes - NaCl
Ca(OH)2
NH4
All ionics
weak electrolytes - NaC2H3O2 --> Na+ + C2H3O2-
HC2H3O2--> H+ + CH2COOH-
Solution temperature - The higher the temperature, the more the substance will disolve
Solution Pressure - DON'T KNOW
Ion charge-to-size-ratio - large ion with low charge is less soluble
Weak Acids - ALL OTHERS
Weak Bases - NH3, C5H5N, others with N
Strong Acids - HCl,
HBr
HI
HClO3
HClO4
HNO3
H2SO4
Strong Bases - Group 1A metal hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH)
Heavy group 2A metal hydroxides (Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2)
Soluble - Almost all salts of Na, K, NH4
Almost all salts of NO3
If everything is soluble - no reaction takes place
Definition of Bronsted Acid - Produces protons in water
Definition of Bronsted Base - Produces OH in water
Alka Seltzer - NaHCO3
Amphojel - Al(OH)3
Di-Gel - Mg(OH)2 and CaCO3
Milk and Magnesia - Mg(OH)2 Maalox - Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3
Mylanta - MG(OH)2 and Al(OH)3
Rolaids - NaAl(OH)2CO3
Tums - CaCO3
metal carbonate or bicarbonate + acid - metal salt + CO2 + H2O
NaHCO3 + HCl --> NaCl + CO2 + H2O
acid and sulfide - Na2S + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + H2S(g)
common oxidizing agents - HNO3, OCl-, O2, O3, O2-, O2 2-
common reducing agents - Metals at 0 oxidation state, h2, c(s), alkanes
activity series - best reducing agents at top, better oxidizing agents at bottom. Top= more negative reduction potential.
types of titrations - acid-base, redox
moles of each are equal
coloration means you went past equivalence point
energy is - the capacity to do work
two forms of energy - kinetic and potential
kinetic energy - ex. gas at a temperature greater than 0 kelvin
1/2mv2
potential energy - thunder clouds, hoover dam, plane, cup of sugar in coffee
cal to joules - 1 calorie = 4.184 J
Joule (units) - 1 Joule= kgm2/s2
Internal Energy - E= Ep + Ek
Change in internal energy - Change E= q + w
Open system - energy and matter exchange
closed system - energy exchange
isolated system - neither exchange
change in enthalpy of a reaction (units) - kj/mol
Hess's Law - change of enthalpy = the sum of the enthalpy of all reactions
specific heat equation - C= q/m*T (J/gK)
Calorimetry - there is no work because pressure doesn't change
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