part one includes: Ehrlich, the world wars and their contributions, disocvery of Cisplatin, Sydney Farber, how does chemotherapy work, clinical implications, classification of chemotherapy, DNA damaging agents, microtubule inhibitors, side effects
1
Wednesday, 27/10/2021
Week 5
Lecture
Prof. Mike Lynn
Systemic Anticancer Therapy
Part One Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
Secondaries and metastasis are usually what would kill a patient not the primary
tumour
Ehrlich
Modern era of anticancer therapies dates to Ehrlich
Possibility of therapeutic avenues for diseases such as tuberculosis and syphilis
Would bind to proteins in the cell and receptors.
Experimented with several compounds – salvarsan
Treating disease by chemical came around through this
WW1
Sulphur and mustard gas used in World War One – was used as an indiscriminate
weapon to kill other soldiers
Noticed by pathologists that the white blood cell counts of those that died had fallen
– treatment for leukaemia
WW2
Everyone had to carry gas masks in World War 2
Ships would carry large amounts of mustard gas
Blood counts fell for those who died
Nitrogen mustard therapy
Goodman and Gilman
Experimenting on the use of a substitute of mustard mixing it with nitrogen
Used in treating various disorders
Demonstrated that these patients who had little time to live did go into remission
with these drugs they had developed
First time drugs had been used in the treatment of malignant disease
Discovery of Cisplatin
American microbiologist was looking at the effect of electric currents on ecoli
division
Platinum electrodes and water bath of ammonium chloride
If you didn’t have electrode on it would grow normally
Electrodes on stop growing
Cisplatin discovered – powerful anticancer agent
Used in testicular cancer first
Sydney Farber
American paediatrician
Interested in folic acid and its effect on leukaemia
If you give it to children with leukaemia they did badly
If you removed active form of folic acid the cells would arrest
How does chemotherapy work?
L1210 Mouse Lymphoma
Showed that the higher the volume of tumours the quicker the mouse would die
Relationship between burden and lifespan
Governed how we would use chemotherapy
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