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Laboratory notes on Microscopy, Magnification and Measurement
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Laboratory notes on Microscopy, Magnification, and Measurements. Subtopics include the kinds and parts of a microscope and micrometer scales.
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University of Santo TomasFaculty of Pharmacy, BS Pharmacy Batch 2027
PHA611: Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy (Laboratory)
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Exercise 1: Microscopy
• Electron illumination
Microscope: an instrument used in science laboratories to
• 2D
visualize very minute objects, giving a contrasting image that is
magnified • High magnification
• High resolution
KINDS OF MICROSCOPES • Ideal for internal structures
Simple microscope/magnifier PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE
• Light illumination
Mechanical parts
• 3D
• Base: microscope’s support; carries microscopic
• Low magnification
illuminators
• High resolution
• Pillar: part that extends upwards from the base to
• Ideal for pedology and jewelry
support all other parts; holds the stage
• Image is not inverted
• Arm: supports the body tube; means for carrying the
• Has single lens
microscope
• Individual cells cannot be observed
• Body tube: cylinder that bears the objectives at the
lower end and the eyepiece at the upper end
Compound microscope
• Draw tube: attached above the body tube wherein the
• Light illumination
eyepiece is placed
• 2D
• Dust shield: protects the objectives from dust particles
• High magnification
• Stage: where the specimen is placed for viewing
• Low resolution
• Stage clips: holds the specimen slides in place
• Ideal for viewing smaller specimens (e.g. cell cultures)
• Inclination joint: allows tilting of the microscope
Stereoscopic/dissecting microscope • Revolving nosepiece: holds the objective lens
• Adjustment knobs: to focus the microscope
• Light illumination
o Coarse adjustment knob: changes the elevation of
• 3D
the tube
• Low magnification
o Fine adjustment knob: permits gradual changes in
• Low resolution
the elevation of the tube
• Ideal for live specimens
• 2 microscopes in 1 body Illuminating Parts
• Each ocular is adjustable • Abbe condenser: a condenser specially designed for
high-quality microscopes (movable and allows very
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) high magnification of above 400x)
• Electron illumination • Iris/diaphragm: to control the amount of light that
• 3D reaches the specimen (comes hand in hand with Abbe
• High magnification condenser in high-quality microscopes)
• High resolution • Mirror: reflects light rays through the object
• Ideal for observing surface morphology
• Image is in black and white Magnifying Parts
• Specimen is covered in gold for electrons to bounce off • Eyepiece/ocular: standard magnification is 10x with an
it optional eyepiece having magnifications from 5x to 30x
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LIANRPh
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