Class notes
Laboratory notes on Plant Cytology.
- Course
- Institution
Laboratory notes on plant cytology. Subtopics include detailed explanations of each organelle and its respective functions with pictures and plant crystals.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lianrph
Content preview
University of Santo TomasFaculty of Pharmacy, BS Pharmacy Batch 2027
PHA611: Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy (Laboratory)
Exercise 3: Plant Cytology
Cytology: study of structure, function, and behavior of cells
PLANT CELL ORGANELLES
Cell wall
• Provides support
• Distinguishing feature in terms of chemical component
(cellulose)
• Limits the size of the cell
• Protects cellular components
Microfilament
• May also contain lignin for rigidity, cutin and suberin
• Globular protein (actin, myosin) for support
(found on tree bark; makes tree unpalatable) for anti-
water loss
Intermediate filament
Plasmodesmata • Fibrous protein for support
• Fine holes in the primary cell wall
• Interconnects plant cells Microtubules
• Transfers nutrients from cell to cell • Globular protein (tubulin) for support and cell motility
• Most abundant
Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
• Assemble into antenna-like arrays to guide vesicles
• Regulates the passage of molecules (primarily water) in
and out of the cell
• Divides the cell into compartments
• Holds enzymes
• Selectively permeable (hydrophobic, lipid soluble
compounds may enter)
Cytoplasm
• Fluid portion containing all organelles
• Composed mainly of water
Cytoskeleton
• Network of fibers throughout the cytoplasm
• Aids in cellular support and movement
• Protein synthesis site for free ribosomes Protein synthesis site
• RNA: ribonucleic acid
o mRNA: messenger RNA
▪ ribbon-like molecule
▪ translation of proteins in DNA
▪ synthesized from DNA via transcription
1|P a g e
LIANRPh
, University of Santo Tomas
Faculty of Pharmacy, BS Pharmacy Batch 2027
PHA611: Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy (Laboratory)
different codons temporarily join to tRNA
▪ • Without histone, DNA chromosome would be
anticodon prokaryotic
o tRNA: transfer RNA • DNA + histone = chromatins
▪ four leaf clover shape • Condensed chromatin = chromatids
▪ carries an amino acid (anticodon) added to an • 2 chromatids = chromosome
end of a growing protein chain • Rapidly dividing cells = more DNA
o rRNA: ribosomal RNA
▪ non-coding RNA
▪ major constituent of ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• Cannot be seen in light microscope
• Attached to nucleus
• Carries large molecules (e.g. protein) that cannot be
transported via diffusion
• System/network of narrow tubes and sheets of
Nucleus membrane throughout the cytoplasm
• control center of the cell o Cisternae: folds in ER fused together; attached to
dictyosome
• contains cell’s DNA
▪ Cisternal space: space in between cisternae
• surrounded by 2 enveloping membranes
o main membrane (double membrane): nuclear
Smooth ER (SER)
membrane/envelope
• Lipid synthesis
▪ nuclear pores: synthesized RNA exit to
• Lipids produced aid in phospholipid bilayer formation
protoplasm
• Membrane assembly
o nucleoplasm/karyoplasm/karyolymph (liquid
• Plants that secrete oil (e.g. scented flowers) and
portion)
epidermal cells have abundant SER
▪ contains DNA, enzymes, histone protein, RNA,
water
Rough ER (RER)
• nucleus and nucleoplasm are different in different ages
• Protein synthesis
of the cell
• Storage products (e.g. legumes) remain in ER
• young cell: small with large nucleus
• Other proteins (e.g. mucilage, nectar) exit to plasma
• mature cell: large with small nucleus
membrane via exocytosis
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
• RNA synthesis
• Macromolecular machines for mRNA translation
• Site of ribosomes production and assembly
• Ribosome + mRNA = polysome
Histone • Attached to RER
2|P a g e
LIANRPh
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lianrph. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now