NURS 3100 Final Exam –Questions With Solutions
Bioavailability ✔️Ans - the physiologic ability of a drug to reach target cells
and produce its effect.
Half-life ✔️Ans - the time it takes for a drug to decrease in amount by half.
Pharmacokinetics ✔️Ans - The study of medication movement throughout
the body. The ability of a drug to cross plasma (cell) membranes in one of two
ways (diffusion or active transport)
Absorption ✔️Ans - site of administration-through cell membranes- to
circulation. Factors that affect absorption include drug
formulation/dissolution, dose, route of administration, size of the drug
molecule, surface area of absorption site, GI motility, blood flow, pH, lipid
solubility.
Distribution ✔️Ans - transport of medications through the body after
absorption or injection. Factors that affect distribution include a medication's
affinity for certain areas of the body, medications also bind to plasma proteins
creating a drug-protein complex. Drug-drug/drug-food interactions occur due
to competition for receptor sites; the blood-brain and fetal-placental barriers
prevent distribution to the CNS and fetus, respectively.
Metabolism ✔️Ans - the biotransformation of medications to form which is
more easily removed from the body. the most important organ in this process
is the liver.
Excretion ✔️Ans - the removal of drugs from the body. the rate of excretion
determines the concentration of drugs in the bloodstream/tissues and the
drug's duration of action. the primary organ involved is the kidney.
Pharmacodynamics ✔️Ans - The study of how medications change the body;
what medications do and how they do it
Steps of the Nursing Process ✔️Ans - 1. Assessment
2. Nursing Diagnosis
3. Plan
, 4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
Assessment ✔️Ans - the collection, organization, validation, and
documentation of data
Subjective data: anything told to you (i.e. feelings)
Objective data: includes physical assessment (vital signs), laboratory or other
diagnostic test results.
Nursing Diagnosis ✔️Ans - clinical judgments of a patient's actual or
potential health problems that is within the nurse's scope of practice to
address.
Plan ✔️Ans - involves prioritizing diagnoses, formulating desired outcomes,
and selecting nursing interventions to assist patients in achieving an optimal
level of wellness. Short- and long-term goals are established, focusing on what
the patient will be able to accomplish.
Implementation ✔️Ans - action phase of the process. this includes patient
teaching
Evaluation ✔️Ans - how the patient's current condition compare with the
desired outcomes
Effects of Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy ✔️Ans - Absorption: progesterone
delays gastric emptying, gastric acidity is decreased, the expanding uterus
puts pressure on the GI tract
Distribution and metabolism: increased plasma volume and blood flow
changes may alter drug dilution and plasma protein binding. Liver metabolism
increases for some drugs (seizure medications), lipid levels change, and fat-
soluble drugs easily pass into breast milk.
Excretion - increased renal blood flow increases drug excretion.
Effects of Pharmacokinetics on Infants ✔️Ans - - use of dropper and
pacifiers are helpful
Bioavailability ✔️Ans - the physiologic ability of a drug to reach target cells
and produce its effect.
Half-life ✔️Ans - the time it takes for a drug to decrease in amount by half.
Pharmacokinetics ✔️Ans - The study of medication movement throughout
the body. The ability of a drug to cross plasma (cell) membranes in one of two
ways (diffusion or active transport)
Absorption ✔️Ans - site of administration-through cell membranes- to
circulation. Factors that affect absorption include drug
formulation/dissolution, dose, route of administration, size of the drug
molecule, surface area of absorption site, GI motility, blood flow, pH, lipid
solubility.
Distribution ✔️Ans - transport of medications through the body after
absorption or injection. Factors that affect distribution include a medication's
affinity for certain areas of the body, medications also bind to plasma proteins
creating a drug-protein complex. Drug-drug/drug-food interactions occur due
to competition for receptor sites; the blood-brain and fetal-placental barriers
prevent distribution to the CNS and fetus, respectively.
Metabolism ✔️Ans - the biotransformation of medications to form which is
more easily removed from the body. the most important organ in this process
is the liver.
Excretion ✔️Ans - the removal of drugs from the body. the rate of excretion
determines the concentration of drugs in the bloodstream/tissues and the
drug's duration of action. the primary organ involved is the kidney.
Pharmacodynamics ✔️Ans - The study of how medications change the body;
what medications do and how they do it
Steps of the Nursing Process ✔️Ans - 1. Assessment
2. Nursing Diagnosis
3. Plan
, 4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
Assessment ✔️Ans - the collection, organization, validation, and
documentation of data
Subjective data: anything told to you (i.e. feelings)
Objective data: includes physical assessment (vital signs), laboratory or other
diagnostic test results.
Nursing Diagnosis ✔️Ans - clinical judgments of a patient's actual or
potential health problems that is within the nurse's scope of practice to
address.
Plan ✔️Ans - involves prioritizing diagnoses, formulating desired outcomes,
and selecting nursing interventions to assist patients in achieving an optimal
level of wellness. Short- and long-term goals are established, focusing on what
the patient will be able to accomplish.
Implementation ✔️Ans - action phase of the process. this includes patient
teaching
Evaluation ✔️Ans - how the patient's current condition compare with the
desired outcomes
Effects of Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy ✔️Ans - Absorption: progesterone
delays gastric emptying, gastric acidity is decreased, the expanding uterus
puts pressure on the GI tract
Distribution and metabolism: increased plasma volume and blood flow
changes may alter drug dilution and plasma protein binding. Liver metabolism
increases for some drugs (seizure medications), lipid levels change, and fat-
soluble drugs easily pass into breast milk.
Excretion - increased renal blood flow increases drug excretion.
Effects of Pharmacokinetics on Infants ✔️Ans - - use of dropper and
pacifiers are helpful
