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168162 Nursing Fundamentals..Fundamental questions with answers
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168162 Nursing FundamentalsList the 5 steps of the Nursing Process - ANSWER1. Assess
2. Diagnose
3. Plan 4. Implement
5. Evaluate - And repeat
Define Clinical Reasoning - ANSWERThe process by which nurses collect cues, process the information, come to an understanding of a patient's problem or situation, plan and implement interventions, evaluate outcomes and reflect on and learn from the process
Assessing in the Nursing Process includes doing what? - ANSWER- Gathering subjective and objective data
- Organising, validating and documenting data
Diagnosing in the Nursing Process includes doing what? - ANSWER- Analysing data and making judgements
- Identifying health problems, risks and strengths - Formulating a problem statement
Planning in the Nursing Process includes doing what? - ANSWER- Prioritising problems
- Formulating goals or desired outcomes
- Selecting and writing nursing interventions
Implementing in the Nursing Process includes doing what? - ANSWER- Carrying out nursing activities and documenting interventions
Evaluating in the Nursing Process includes doing what? - ANSWER- Collecting data and comparing these with desired outcomes
- Drawing conclusions about the problem
- Continuing, modifying or terminating the care plan
List the 10 characteristics of the Nursing Process/ Clinical Reasoning - ANSWER1. Its systematic
2. Its cyclic and dynamic rather than static 3. Its client centred 4. Understands patient's strengths and limitations 5. Its interpersonal and collaborative 6. Considers actual and potential problems 7. Its goal/outcome orientated
8. Its universally applicable 9. Its an adaption of problem-solving techniques and systems theory 10. Can be viewed as parallel to, but separate from the medical process
Name the 4 core competencies essential to nursing practice - ANSWER1. Cognitive Competencies 2. Technical Competencies 3. Interpersonal Competencies 4. Ethical/Legal Competencies
Describe the Cognitive Competency - ANSWER- Enables nurses to reason and offer scientific rationale to the patient's care plan
Describe the Technical Competency - ANSWER- Involves everything from hand eye coordination and manual dexterity, to an ability to trouble shoot when equipment malfunctions
- Enables nurses to manipulate equipment skillfully - Psychomotor skills
Describe the Interpersonal Competencies - ANSWER- Enables nurses to establish and maintain caring relationships that facilitate the achievement of nursing goals and aims - Includes communication skills
Describe Ethical/Legal Competencies - ANSWER- Enables the nurse to conduct themselves in a manner that is consistent with their personal moral code and professional role responsibilities
- Includes accountability and patient advocacy
What are the 5 Beneficent Rules? - ANSWER1. Protect and defend the rights of others 2. Prevent harm from occurring to others 3. Remove conditions that will cause harm to others
4. Help people with disabilities 5. Rescue people in danger
List Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns - ANSWER1. Health Perception/Management Pattern 2. Nutrition/Metabolic Pattern
3. Elimination Pattern
4. Activity/Exercise Pattern
5. Cognitive/Perceptual Pattern
6. Sleep/Rest Pattern
7. Self Perception/Concept Pattern 8. Role/Relationship Pattern
9. Sexuality/Reproductive Pattern
10. Coping/Stress Tolerance Pattern
11. Value/Belief Pattern What are the 2 types of data? - ANSWER- Objective - Subjective
Define Objective Data - ANSWER- Factual Data that is observed by the nurse and could be noted by another observer
Define Subjective Data - ANSWER- Information given verbally by the patient
What are the 2 sources of data? - ANSWER- Primary - Secondary
What is the Pain Concept for an Infant? - ANSWER- Perceives pain and responds to pain with increased sensitivity - Often irritable and crying
What is the Pain Concept for a Toddler? - ANSWER- Pain seen as a threat to security and as a form of punishment - Tends to hold someone accountable for pain
What is the Pain Concept of a School-aged Kid? - ANSWER- Tries to be brave when faced with pain
- Rationalises in an attempt to explain pain - Responsive to explanations, thus health teaching in an important intervention
- With persistent pain, the child may regress
What is the Pain Concept of an Adolescent? - ANSWER- Slow to acknowledge pain
- Wants to be brave and not admit pain - Giving in is considered weakness
What is the Pain Concept of an Adult? - ANSWER- Behaviour is gender based and depends on behaviour learned when still a very young child - Ignores pain because admitting it is a sign of weakness - Fear of what pain means may prevent action
What is the Pain Concept of the Elderly? - ANSWER- May have multiple conditions presenting with vague symptoms - Perceives pain as part of ageing - Decreased sensation for pain - Anorexia and lethargy are indicators of pain - Withholds report of pain because fear of treatment, lifestyle change and becoming dependant
The WHO 3 step Analgesic Ladder - ANSWER
In Documentation, what does CACTS stand for? - ANSWERC - complete A - accurate
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