Summary
Summary Lectures - Clinical Psychology: Anxiety and Stress (FSWP2-062-A)
- Course
- Institution
This summary contains lecture notes based on the material covered in the lectures of Clinical Psychology: Anxiety & Stress.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
ilinaaasparuhova
Reviews received
Content preview
Lecture Iknow the diagnostic criteria mentioned in the lectures, not the whole DSM-5
approx. 45 MCQs
- mock exam – very similar difficulty to actual exam
- both lectures & tutorials
TIPS for reading scientific papers:
- discussion à most important part
Stress
What is stress?
- external demands placed on an organism
- organism’s internal biological & psychological responses to such demands
(1) stressor
• physical – heat, cold, noise
• psychological - conflicts, competition
(2) strain
• physical – direct tissue damage
• psychological – adverse emotional
(3) stressor*strain
• continuous interactions and adjustments between individual & environments
(transactions)
Stress: Dimensions of responses:
(1) physical symptoms
• allergies
• headaches
• sweating
(2) psychological symptoms
• low self-confidence
• depression
• negative emotions – anger, fear, sadness
(3) maladaptive coping behaviour
• resting badly
• being less active
• bad nutrition/binge eating
• substance abuse
Quality
Þ Distress
• “bad” side of stress
Þ Eustress
• stress that is triggered by positive events in life
• e.g.: wedding, promotion at work
• less negative responses from the body compared to distress
Does Stress influence our behaviour?
Þ stress influences behaviour
• effect of stress on eating
o overeat
, § women are more likely to do that when they’re stressed
o undereat
§ men are more likely
o no change
• substance use
o alcohol
o cocaine
o social drinkers (control group)
o drug/alcohol cue => higher desire/craving to drink/take drugs
o stress condition => less craving
What factors determine how we react to stress?
Þ familiarity with stressor influences stress reaction
o getting more familiar with stress = get used to stressor = react in a less negative
way
o stressor would be less intense; shorter in duration
Þ frequency of how you encounter the stressor
o stressors are long in duration à PTSD
Þ level of involvement
o witnesses/survivors of 9/11
o those who are physically close to the incidents or lost sth à more likely to report
PTSD
o more closely you are affected = more stressed
Þ personality factors
o 2 groups of people before the stressor and after intense stressors
§ low social support, procrastinators = higher levels of stress
§ compared to others
, Stress: General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
3 stages:
1. Alarm Reaction
- once you perceive external stressor
- body mobilised to prepare for fight or flight
- huge increase in arousal level to prepare the body
2. Stage of Resistance
- arousal remains high
- trying to cope
- energy will be continuously consumed in order to cope with the stressor
3. Exhaustion Stage
- energy level starts to decrease
- arousal decreases
è short stress – ends at stage of resistance
è chronic stress -> go through Exhaustion Stage (which makes stress dangerous )
Transactional Model of Stress
- perceive the presence of the stressor
1. Primary appraisal
- interpret whether the stimulus is a positive/negative/irrelevant event
- if stressor = threat
- then go to
2. Secondary Appraisal
- see if they have enough resources to deal with it
3. Cope/Reappraise
- if stress => come up with coping mechanisms
Measuring Life Stress
Þ Life Events (Holmes & Rahe)
o social readjustment scale – questionnaire
§ negative vents in life + score
§ remember whether you have encountered the events in the past 2 years
o aim: over 300 points you are more likely to developed health problems that are
induced by stress
§ heart attacks
§ leukaemia
§ flu
o (-) requires memorising all the negative events
§ memory biases - makes the Q less precise
o (-) no causal connections
§ score high à doesn’t mean that those stressor cause health problems later
on
Þ Daily Hassles – an alternative
o minor/annoying events occurring on a daily basis
§ add up to create a stressful event
o better than the previous one
§ assessing the events on a daily basis (got rid of the memory biases
problem)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ilinaaasparuhova. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.96. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now