Summary USMLE step 1 Physiology of Autonomic Nervous system Study guide - Study smarter not harder - your guide to pass the exam
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Medicine
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Medicine
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2022, 32E
USMLE step 1 Physiology of Autonomic Nervous system Study guide - Study smarter not harder - your guide to pass the exam - Homeostasis
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------1/JTONOM/C N.S.
PHYS IOLOG Y
,
, Concise medical physiology A.N.S
Introduc tion
1. Neuron: the structural unit of the nervous system . (soma, dendrites, axon).
2. Reflex arc: the fun ctional unit of the nervous system .(afferent, center & efferent)
3. Dendrites: receive impulses to the cell body.
4. Axon (nerve fiber): carries impulses from the cell body.
s. Axons
Myelinated Non-Myelinated
Covered by myelin sheath Not covered by myelin sheath
6. Nerve: formed of large number of nerve fibers .
7. Ganglion: collection of neurons outside the CNS .
8. Nucleus: collection of neurons inside the CNS.
9. Synapse: junction between (axon) of one neuron (dendrites , soma or axon) of other neurons
there is a minimal space ; the synaptic cleft.
10. Reflexes: are 1. Monosynaptic Den d r ite -
Syn a plic k n o b s
tf
Syn a a t syn a p ses
2. Polysynaptic
- --
I
Axon
The nervous system
(1) Anatomically classified into
~
---------------~"'"----------- -~ ~
1. Central Nervous S stem (CNS) 2. PeriP- eral Nervous sv.stem
a. The brain b. The Spinal Cord (
a. Peripheral
.-----A- --....
nerves '
b. Peripheral ganglia
Cranial nerves Spinal nerves
(arising from the brain) (arising from the spinal cord)
1- CNS
a. The brain is formed of:
( 1) 2 Cerebral hemispheres.
(2) Brain stem: (midbrain- pons- medulla)
(3) Cerebellum.
b. The spinal cord is divided into 31 segments :
(8 cervical- 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar- 5 sacral- 1 coccygeal)
15
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